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Smoke and Toxicity
Smoke is a fire-related phenomenon. For some materials, such as plastics, the generation of smoke is always evaluated as part of the testing process...
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Smoke removal and image enhancement of laparoscopic images by an artificial multi-exposure image fusion method
In laparoscopic surgery, image quality is often degraded by surgical smoke or by side effects of the illumination system, such as reflections,...
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Fire and Smoke Modelling
Computer modelling of smoke dispersion in the environment in wind conditions is used to determine the consequences of fires. This chapter presents an...
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Smart Home-Based Smoke Detection with Image Surveillance System
Smoke detection senses smoke, which is typically an indicator/upcoming indicator of fire to be aware in order to prevent the loss of life,...
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Smoke Alarms and the Human Response
Smoke alarmsSmoke alarms are mandated in all man-made structures designed for human occupancy in most developed nations, and as such, they have...
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An Analysis of Domestic Fire Smoke/Toxic Fumes Inhalation Injuries
Previous studies indicated that inhalation of smoke and toxic fumes is the most common form of domestic fire injury. In this article we examine the...
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Smoke Control
Removal of fire byproducts (heat and smoke) from a fire in a building is even more critical in very tall buildings, especially when the building...
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Automatic Smoke Absorber and Filter
Clean air is essential for human health, but the vast majority of the world’s population lives in areas with low air quality. We know that the air we...
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Generation and Distribution of Surgical Smoke During High Frequency Electrocauterization
Surgical Smoke is generated during the cauterization of tissue with high-frequency (HF) devices and consists of 95% water vapor and 5% cellular...
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Indoor Fabric as an Adsorptive Reservoir for Volatile Organic Compounds in Wildfire Smoke: A Preliminary Study
Indoor fabric surfaces (e.g., clothes, curtains, and bedding sheets) can adsorb volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in wildfire smoke penetrating...
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Synthesis of Plant-Derived Smoke-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles and its Stimulatory Effects on Maize Growth Under Wastewater Stress
Nanomaterials have proven effective and valuable in agriculture, and metallic nanoparticles have been found to have significant biological...
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The Impact of Air-Tightness on Smoke Transport During High-Rise Building Fires Under Low-Temperature Conditions
This study employs a combination of theoretical analysis, Similarity simulation, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to examine the airflow caused...
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Identifying Thresholds for Observational Indicators of Enhanced Sonic Deposition on Smoke Alarms in Forensic Investigations
The activation status of a smoke alarm in a fire becomes a central question in forensic fire investigations when there are injuries or deaths....
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Chemical and Thermal Exposure Risks in a Multi Compartment Training Structure
Providing NFPA 1403 compliant live-fire training can present thermal and chemical exposure risk to instructors and students. To reduce risk, training...
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Evaluation of Mass Spectrometric Methods for Screening Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Particulate Phase of Wildfire/Biomass Smoke
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of compounds containing multiple aromatic rings formed during incomplete combustion. Since many...
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A Study on Fire Detection Using Deep Learning and Image Filtering Based on Characteristics of Flame and Smoke
When a fire breaks out, damage to human health is more often caused by poisoning and suffocation related to the occurrence of smoke than by a direct...
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Remote Sensing of the Light-Obscuring Smoke Properties in Real-Scale Fires Using a Photometric Measurement Method
A new photometric measurement method for the determination of temporally and spatially resolved light extinction coefficients in laboratory fire...
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Investigation of combustion, smoke, and toxicity characteristics of flame-retardant and fiber-optic cables used in nuclear power plants
The combustion, smoke emission, and toxic gas emission characteristics of four types of flame-retardant cables and two types of fiber-optic cables...
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Smoke Spreading Simulation of High-Rise Office Building Based on Evacuation Analysis
Fire safety during operational hours in high-rise office buildings is always a headache because of the difficulty of evacuation. The fire dynamics...
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Modified Hydraulic Models for Thin Smoke and Crowd Crawling Phenomena
The hydraulic model is a set of closed-form, deterministic equations used to predict average crowd speeds and movement times of evacuees exiting a...
