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Modulation of cancer stemness property in head and neck cancer cells via circulatory fluid shear stress
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) known as tumor cells dissociate from primary tumor sites and travel to secondary tumor sites via vasculature during...
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Phase and Frequency Modulation
Amplitude modulation is often called linear modulation, since superposition applies for AMDSB-SC systems. For instance, in AMDSB-SC if a message...
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Baseband Modulation
The basic way radios increase their spectral efficiency is by combining multiple bits into a single symbol, a process known as baseband modulation....
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Modulation and Coding
Somebody might ask why modulation and channel coding are in the same chapter. My answer is that these are two essential components of all modern...
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Digital Modulation: The Basic Principles
The fundamental modulation methods used in 5G NR are Pi/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM. Those used in Wi-Fi 6 are BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM,...
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Pulse Modulation
This chapter is concerned with different types of modulations: Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Width Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation, Pulse...
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Noise in Analog Modulation
When designing a communication system, the electrical engineer is usually confronted with limitations on transmitted power and available bandwidth....
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Dual-polarized IRS-assisted wireless network: relative phase modulation
The metasurface is a promising technology that can help next-generation wireless communication systems not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio...
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Angle Modulation
This chapter covers angle modulation, including frequency modulation and phase modulation, frequency-shift keying (FSK) and phase-shift keying (PSK),...
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Modulation Schemes
The process of adding information to an optical wave in UWOC is modulation. A modulator is an electro-optical converter that causes a parameter of...
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Optical Properties Modulation: A New Direction for the Fast Detection of Ionizing Radiation in PET
The inherent temporal variance generated during the scintillation process limits the time resolution in positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing...
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Implantable Direct Current Neural Modulation
Neuroprostheses are implants that interface with the central or peripheral nervous system to restore or control neural function. Neuroprostheses are...
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Amplitude Modulation
Amplitude modulation is a method of information transference, using a carrier frequency, which is much larger than maximum frequency of the...
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Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
This chapter treats quadrature amplitude modulation using random modulating signals, including single sideband (SSB), quadrature modulation scheme...
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Waveform and Modulation Design of Terahertz Communications
Terahertz (THz) communication is envisioned as a key technology for 6G, which is expected to support 1 Tbps peak data rate, 0.1 millisecond latency,...
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Assessment of vertical shifted carrier schemes for sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation
The carrier modulated sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation scheme has been acknowledged for its fundamental fortification and harmonic reduction in DC–AC...
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Amplitude Modulation
This chapter presents amplitude modulation with random modulating signals, including digital signals and performance evaluation methods.
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OTFS and Delay-Doppler Domain Modulation: Signal Detection and Channel Estimation
It is envisioned that reliable communications in high-mobility scenarios at high carrier frequencies will play a vital role in the sixth-generation...
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Digital Modulation Formats
This chapter describes configurations for optical modulators dedicated to various digital modulation formats. To achieve highly stable optical...
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Interference free multiuser modulation for mmWave radio links
Radiocommunications in the mmWave band present strong free-space attenuation, which requires power maximization at the receiver. A code division...
