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On the Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleobases, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, Pre-RNA and Pre-DNA Molecules
All the strategies for the prebiotic syntheses of RNA and DNA assume the adequate availability of the presumptive precursors such as purine and... -
Biologically Produced Sulfur
Sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria Sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria produce sulfur as an intermediate in the... -
Application of Evolutionary Algorithms to Global Cluster Geometry Optimization
This contribution focuses upon the application of evolutionary algorithms to the nondeterministic polynomial hard problem of global cluster geometry... -
Liquid Sulfur
The molecular composition as well as the physical properties (including spectra) of liquid sulfur Liquid Sulfur... -
Speciation and Thermodynamics of Sulfur Vapor
Sulfur vapor Sulfur vapor at temperatures of between 200 and 1000 °C consists of all molecules with 2–10 atoms, some... -
Prediction of Crystal Structures Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Related Techniques
Methods, evolutionary and systematic search approaches, and applications of crystal structure prediction of closest-packed and framework materials... -
From the Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids Towards a Primitive Translation Apparatus for the Synthesis of Peptides
The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction does not establish that amino acids and peptides have been... -
Solid Sulfur Allotropes
Sulfur is the element with the largest number of solid allotropes. Most of these consist of unbranched cyclic molecules with ring sizes ranging from... -
Chemistry and Physics of Primitive Membranes
A membrane boundary structure was essential for the advent of cellular life. The membranes of contemporary cells are composed of a mosaic of... -
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Aqueous Sulfur Sols
Sulfur Sulfur sols are colloidal colloidal solutions of elemental sulfur or of... -
Stochastic “Mirror Symmetry Breaking” via Self-Assembly, Reactivity and Amplification of Chirality: Relevance to Abiotic Conditions
Theories of prebiotic life suggest that homochirality emerged in Nature in abiotic times via deterministic or chance scenarios. This chapter deals... -
Applications of Evolutionary Computation in Structure Determination from Diffraction Data
Evolutionary algorithms are finding increasing use in the study of a wide range of different types of diffraction data. In this chapter, we review... -
Homoatomic Sulfur Cations
This chapter gives an account on the recent achievements in an understanding of the synthesis, solution behavior, structure and bonding of the... -
An Introduction to Evolutionary Computation and Evolutionary Algorithms
Numerous techniques exist in science for tackling large-scale optimisation problems. In many instances, scientists must identify the best solution... -
The Genetic Algorithm Approach to Protein Structure Prediction
Predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins from their linear sequence is one of the major challenges in modern biology. It is widely... -
Applications of Evolutionary Computation in Drug Design
Evolutionary algorithms have been widely adopted for solving many of the complex tasks involved in drug design. Here, applications to two different... -
Evolutionary Potential and Requirements for Minimal Protocells
Minimal protocell concepts have high intellectual and practical value. Following chemoton theory, developed by Tibor Gánti in 1971, we suggest that... -
Evaluation of antioxidant and intelligent films for pork packaging and spoilage monitoring based on maize starch, carrageenan gum, and Rosa chinensis flower extracts
Bio-degradable, active and intelligent films have sparked interest recently due to its great potential for food freshness monitoring. In this study,...
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Apple Pomace Extract Induces Cell Proliferation and Increases Type I Collagen and Hyaluronan Production in Human Skin Fibroblasts In Vitro
Apple pomace is the residue left after apples are squeezed. The majority of pomace produced worldwide is produced by the apple manufacturing...