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Opioids and Opiates: Pharmacology, Abuse, and Addiction
This chapter presents an overview of the opioid system consisting of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, as well as several receptor...
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Opioids and Opiates: Pharmacology, Abuse, and Addiction
This chapter presents an overview of the opioid system consisting of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous ligands, as well as several receptor...
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The Role of Opiates in Social Pain and Suicidal Behavior
With more than 800,000 deaths by suicide each year and 20 to 30 times more suicide attempts worldwide, suicide is a major public health problem....
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Pharmacology of Endogenous Opioids, Opiates and Their Receptors
The search for analgesia is the main drive for the discovery of opioid receptors and their endogenous ligand peptides. Although opioid peptides are...
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In vitro studies on the dependence of drug deposition in dentin on drug concentration, contact time, and the physicochemical properties of the drugs
The chemical analysis of dental hard tissues can provide information on previous drug use due to the deposition of drugs into this tissue. For the...
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Potential Channeling Bias in the Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk: The Importance of Comparator Selection in Observational Research
BackgroundComparator selection is an important consideration in the design of observational research studies that evaluate potential associations...
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Opioid Agonists and Antagonists
Pain causes severe limitation of human functionality and productivity. Humans have waged a long war against pain using different forms of analgesics....
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The Opioid Growth Factor in Growth Regulation and Immune Responses in Cancer
It has become apparent that endogenous opioids act not only as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, but have multiple functions in the body....
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Determining the potential clinical value of panel-based pharmacogenetic testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux disease
We aimed to determine the potential value of panel-based pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux...
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A central role for glial CCR5 in directing the neuropathological interactions of HIV-1 Tat and opiates
BackgroundThe collective cognitive and motor deficits known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain high even among HIV+ individuals...
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Environmental Enrichment and the Effects on Drug Abuse Vulnerability: The Last Ten Years
Environmental enrichment in rats during development has been shown to reliably alter the sensitivity to various drugs of abuse. The current chapter...
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Opioid-Mediated HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis
Despite the ability of combination antiretroviral therapy to dramatically suppress viremia, the brain continues to be a reservoir of HIV-1 low-level...
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Narcotic analgesics
There is documentation of the use of opium derived products in the ancient history of the Assyrians: the Egyptians; in the sixth century AD by the...
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Reverse Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Precipitated by Chronic Cocaine and Cannabis Use
This case report describes a 31-year-old man with 10 years of cocaine and cannabis dependence who developed reverse Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (rTC), a...
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Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids: Role in Substance Use Disorders
Opioid use disorders have become an epidemic in recent years with rates nearly quadrupling since 1999 according to the US Centers for Disease Control...
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Potentially inappropriate medication use and mortality in patients with cognitive impairment
PurposePotentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are associated with falls, hospitalization, and cognitive decline. Few studies have investigated...
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Drugs of Abuse: Trends and Advanced Analytical Methods
Abuse of drugs is correlated with various medical, behavioral, psychological, spiritual, financial, social, family, and legal concerns and profoundly...