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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
In this chapter, recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) products are discussed. Over the years, several different FSH products were...
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A novel polypeptide CAPG-171aa encoded by circCAPG plays a critical role in triple-negative breast cancer
BackgroundThe treatment of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has always been challenging due to its heterogeneity and the absence of well-defined...
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Association of gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in iranian patients
IntroductionGastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which was...
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Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 3: a post-translational writer on human health
AbstractPolypeptide N -acetylgalactosamine transferase 3 (ppGalNAc-T3) is an enzyme involved in the initiation of O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis....
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Resistance exercise stress: theoretical mechanisms for growth hormone processing and release from the anterior pituitary somatotroph
Heavy resistance exercise (HRE) is the most effective method for inducing muscular hypertrophy and stimulating anabolic hormones, including growth...
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Anatomy and histology of the Göttingen minipig adenohypophysis with special emphasis on the polypeptide hormones: GH, PRL, and ACTH
The pituitary is involved in the regulation of endocrine homeostasis. Therefore, animal models of pituitary disease based on a thorough knowledge of...
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Dysregulated proteasome activity and steroid hormone biosynthesis are associated with mortality among patients with acute COVID-19
The persistence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization severely threatens medical systems worldwide and has increased the...
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Two novel in vitro assays to screen chemicals for their capacity to inhibit thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter proteins OATP1C1 and OAT4
Early brain development depends on adequate transport of thyroid hormones (THs) from the maternal circulation to the fetus. To reach the fetal brain,...
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Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial
Retatrutide is a novel triple agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucagon receptors. A 48-week...
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The effect of heat stress on the cellular behavior, intracellular signaling profile of porcine growth hormone (pGH) in swine testicular cells
At present, heat stress caused by the thermal environment is the main factor that endangers the reproductive function of animals. Growth hormone (GH)...
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Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone regulates hippocampus-dorsolateral septum activity
Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) polypeptide contributes to regulating energy homeostasis, sleep and memory, although the mechanistic...
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Growth hormone secretagogue peptide A233 upregulates Mx expression in teleost fish in vitro and in vivo
Aquaculture constitutes an alternative source for food production and contributes to a reduction in the indiscriminate catching of aquatic organisms...
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Insulin Secretion and the β-Cell 102 Years After the Discovery of the Hormone
Purpose of ReviewThe discovery of insulin was a true landmark in biomedical research and provided a framework for the understanding of many pivotal...
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Attenuation of Alzheimer’s brain pathology in 5XFAD mice by PTH1-34, a peptide of parathyroid hormone
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis are two distinct diseases but often occur in the same patient. Their relationship remains poorly...
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Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Host-Virus Interactions
Viruses are a diverse class of obligate parasites that require a host to propagate. Viruses have evolved to exploit host signaling pathways to...
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LncRNA-m18as1 competitively binds with miR-18a-5p to regulate follicle-stimulating hormone secretion through the Smad2/3 pathway in rat primary pituitary cells
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in different species and different tissues, and perform different functions, but little is known about...
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Lactation and the Control of the Prolactin Secretion
Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted from the lactotrophs in the anterior pituitary gland. It is recognized as a pleiotropic hormone with...
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Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Neuropeptide E-I, and MCH Receptor 1
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and neuropeptide E-I (NEI) are neuropeptides produced from the pro-melanin-concentrating hormone gene, which are...
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Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 and endometrial cancer risk: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses
BackgroundDysregulation of endocrine pathways related to steroid and growth hormones may modify endometrial cancer risk; however, prospective data on...
