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HSV-1 latency-associated transcript miR-H3 and miR-H4 target STXBP1 and GABBR2 genes
During latent infection, the HSV-1 virus generates only a single transcript, LAT, which encodes six miRNAs. The GABAergic pathway signaling system is...
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Termination of Transcription of LAT Increases the Amounts of ICP0 mRNA but Does Not Alter the Course of HSV-1 Infection in Latently Infected Murine Ganglia
On entering sensory ganglia, herpes simplex viruses 1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection with the synthesis of a latency associated transcript...
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Varicella-zoster virus proteome-wide T-cell screening demonstrates low prevalence of virus-specific CD8 T-cells in latently infected human trigeminal ganglia
BackgroundTrigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons are an important site of lifelong latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Although VZV-specific...
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Opposing roles of CLK SR kinases in controlling HIV-1 gene expression and latency
BackgroundThe generation of over 69 spliced HIV-1 mRNAs from one primary transcript by alternative RNA splicing emphasizes the central role that RNA...
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Varicella Zoster Virus Neuronal Latency and Reactivation Modeled in Vitro
Latency and reactivation in neurons are critical aspects of VZV pathogenesis that have historically been difficult to investigate. Viral genomes are...
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Intimate Relationship Between Stress and Human Alpha-Herpes Virus 1 (HSV-1) Reactivation from Latency
Purpose of ReviewNumerous studies concluded stress (acute, episodic acute, or chronic) increases the incidence of human alpha-herpes virus 1 (HSV-1)...
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Longitudinal transcriptomic characterization of viral genes in HSV-1 infected tree shrew trigeminal ganglia
BackgroundFollowing acute infection, Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency and recurrent reactivation in the sensory neurons of...
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Viral remodeling of the 4D nucleome
The dynamic spatial organization of genomes across time, referred to as the four-dimensional nucleome (4DN), is a key component of gene regulation...
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MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses...
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Heterogeneity in HIV and cellular transcription profiles in cell line models of latent and productive infection: implications for HIV latency
BackgroundHIV-infected cell lines are widely used to study latent HIV infection, which is considered the main barrier to HIV cure. We hypothesized...
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HSV-1 infection and pathogenesis in the tree shrew eye following corneal inoculation
Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) infection causes inflammation in the cornea known as herpes simplex virus keratitis (HSK), a common but serious...
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iPSC-derived three-dimensional brain organoid models and neurotropic viral infections
Progress in stem cell research has revolutionized the medical field for more than two decades. More recently, the discovery of induced pluripotent...
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The cell biology of HIV-1 latency and rebound
Transcriptionally latent forms of replication-competent proviruses, present primarily in a small subset of memory CD4 + T cells, pose the primary...
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T-cells in human trigeminal ganglia express canonical tissue-resident memory T-cell markers
BackgroundTrigeminal ganglia (TG) neurons are the main site of lifelong latent herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. T-cells in ganglia...
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles with Distinct Properties in Autoimmune Encephalitis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Encephalitis mediated by autoantibodies against neuronal antigens and herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) are seemingly separate causes of...
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Insights into the Pathogenesis of Varicella Viruses
Purpose of ReviewVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious, neurotropic alpha-herpes virus that causes varicella (chickenpox). VZV...
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Transcriptome Analysis of the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex in a Chronic Constriction Injury Model
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical for both the sensory and emotional/cognitive components of pain. However, the underlying mechanism...
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Innate immune regulation in HIV latency models
BackgroundInnate immunity and type 1 interferon (IFN) defenses are critical for early control of HIV infection within CD4 + T cells. Despite these...
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Cerebellum Lecture: the Cerebellar Nuclei—Core of the Cerebellum
The cerebellum is a key player in many brain functions and a major topic of neuroscience research. However, the cerebellar nuclei (CN), the main...
