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Conservative Evolution of Hepatitis B Virus Precore and Core Gene During Immune Tolerant Phase in Intrafamilial Transmission
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is characterized with high mutations, which is attributed to the lack of proof-reading of the viral reverse transcriptase and...
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Establishment of orthotopic osteosarcoma animal models in immunocompetent rats through muti-rounds of in-vivo selection
Immunodeficient murine models are usually used as the preclinical models of osteosarcoma. Such models do not effectively simulate the process of...
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A breakdown of metabolic reprogramming in microglia induced by CKLF1 exacerbates immune tolerance in ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of reactive microglia. However, its precise involvement in stroke etiology is still unknown. We used...
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Neoself Antigens Presented on MHC Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Diseases
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play a crucial role in immunity by presenting peptide antigens to helper T cells. Immune... -
Investigating the Synergistic Potential of Low-Dose HDAC3 Inhibition and Radiotherapy in Alzheimer’s Disease Models
We have previously shown that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and cranial radiotherapy (RT) independently improve molecular and behavioral...
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Liver in infections: a single-cell and spatial transcriptomics perspective
The liver is an immune organ that plays a vital role in the detection, capture, and clearance of pathogens and foreign antigens that invade the human...
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Coculture of Human Dendritic and T Cells for the Study of Specific T Cell-Mediated Responses Against Food Allergens
Dendritic cells (DCs) connect innate and adaptive immunity by sampling, capturing, processing, and presenting the allergen to distinct subsets of... -
A humanized minipig model for the toxicological testing of therapeutic recombinant antibodies
The safety of most human recombinant proteins can be evaluated in transgenic mice tolerant to specific human proteins. However, owing to insufficient...
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Autophagy, molecular chaperones, and unfolded protein response as promoters of tumor recurrence
Tumor recurrence is a paradoxical function of a machinery, whereby a small proportion of the cancer cell population enters a resistant, dormant...
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Paradoxical expression of NRP1 in decidual stromal and immune cells reveals a novel inflammation balancing mechanism during early pregnancy
Objective and designTo investigate the balancing mechanisms between decidualization-associated inflammation and pregnancy-related immunotolerance.
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Corticosteroids in Immunosuppression
Corticosteroids have been utilized as mainstay pharmacological intervention for successful organ transplantation since the beginning. Several... -
Dysfunctional bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells are involved in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
BackgroundMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorders characterized by ineffective haematopoiesis and...
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Tim-3 downregulation by Toxoplasma gondii infection contributes to decidual dendritic cell dysfunction
BackgroundWomen in early pregnancy infected by Toxoplasma gondii may have severe adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as spontaneous abortion and fetal...
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Therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of CD73-TGFβ dual-blockade in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer
Although chemotherapy and recently approved immunotherapies have improved treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the clinical outcome for...
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Immune Regulation and Autoimmunity
When the immune response is generated against self-antigens (autoantigens), the resulting response is an autoimmune response. Response to... -
The circulating soluble form of the CD40 costimulatory immune checkpoint receptor and liver metastasis risk in rectal cancer
BackgroundIn colorectal cancer, the inflamed tumour microenvironment with its angiogenic activities is immune- tolerant and incites progression to...
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Purification and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Human CD24hiCD38hi and CD24hiCD27+ Regulatory B Cells in Transplantation
Transplantation is still the treatment of choice for organ failure; however, allograft induces inflammatory immune responses that require... -
Sex-specific responses to cold in a very cold-tolerant, northern Drosophila species
Organisms can plastically alter resource allocation in response to changing environmental factors. For example, in harsh conditions, organisms are...
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Midkine rewires the melanoma microenvironment toward a tolerogenic and immune-resistant state
An open question in aggressive cancers such as melanoma is how malignant cells can shift the immune system to pro-tumorigenic functions. Here we...
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The thymus and the science of self
The conventional perception asserts that immunology is the science of ‘discrimination’ between self and non-self. This concept is however no longer...