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Attenuated African swine fever virus through serial passaging of viruses in cell culture: a brief review on the knowledge gathered during 60 years of research
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus. It affects various breeds of pigs, causing serious economic losses...
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Zoonotic Diseases of Swine: Food-Borne and Occupational Aspects of Infection
Swine and their products have become a central part of food systems around the world. Global pork production has rapidly increased over the past...
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Zoonotic Diseases of Swine: Food-borne and Occupational Aspects of Infection
Swine and their products have become a central part of food systems around the world. Global pork production has rapidly increased over the past...
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The prevention strategies of swine viruses related to xenotransplantation
Xenotransplantation is considered a solution for the shortage of organs, and pigs play an indispensable role as donors in xenotransplantation. The...
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Preparation of Immunofluorescently Labeled Tissue Sections for Imaging at Low and High Magnifications in the Confocal Microscope
The confocal laser scanning microscope allows us to examine tissue sections in greater detail than a widefield fluorescence microscope. However, this...
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Plants to Drugs: A Case Study of Human Papilloma Virus and Traditional Chinese Medicine
Various types of viral diseases are emerging as the largest menace human beings have faced in the last few decades. Since the arrival of human...
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Variations in the NSP4 gene of the type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in China from 1996 to 2021
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has continuously mutated since its first isolation in China in 1996, leading to...
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The tyrosine 73 and serine 83 dephosphorylation of H1N1 swine influenza virus NS1 protein attenuates virus replication and induces high levels of beta interferon
BackgroundNonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a virulence factor encoded by influenza A virus (IAV) that is expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of...
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Pseudorabies virus encephalitis in humans: a case series study
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is known to cause severe encephalitis in juvenile pigs and various non-native hosts; recent evidences suggest that PRV might...
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The Tick-Borne Pathogens: An Overview of China’s Situation
BackgroundTicks are important medical arthropods that can transmit hundreds of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses, leading to...
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Important Zoonotic Diseases of Cattle and Their Prevention Measures
Cattle production is a vital component of the global food chain. Through meat or milk, animal protein is an essential dietary requirement for most...
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Orthomyxoviruses
Myxovirus was coined for a group of enveloped RNA viruses that can adsorb onto mucoprotein receptors on erythrocytes, causing haemagglutination.
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Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Viruses belonging to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae are the established human pathogens and their zoonotic potential has escalated...
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Determining vector competence of Aedes aegypti from Ghana in transmitting dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2
BackgroundDengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, but is not endemic in all areas where this vector is...
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Medical viruses: diagnostic techniques
The recent epidemics and pandemics caused by different viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, monkey pox, H1N1, ebola virus etc. have been a cause of mass...
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Health Crisis and Cancer Prevention: Friend or Foe
Health crises are events that are out of the capacity of affected communities, which have a range from conflicts and terrorism to emerging infectious...
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Wild Birds and Zoonotic Pathogens
Wild birds are an extraordinarily diverse group of species that occupy a variety of ecological niches. Concerns about the ability of birds to...
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Wild Birds and Zoonotic Pathogens
Wild birds are an extraordinarily diverse group of species that occupy a variety of ecological niches. Concerns about the ability of birds to...
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Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Viral Diseases
Viruses evolve and adapt to conform to brand new hosts and challenges, be it environmental or manmade. These obstacles can either prevent their...
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Apoptosis and Phagocytosis as Antiviral Mechanisms
Viruses are infectious entities that make use of the replication machinery of their hosts to produce more progenies, causing disease and sometimes...