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Screening Methods for the Evaluation of the Drugs Acting on Posterior Pituitary, Adrenal Steroid, Testicular, Parathyroid, Ovarian, and Thyroid Hormones
Hormonal or endocrine screening is an important attribute of animal model screening. This chapter looks at the various endocrine screening...
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Pedunculopontine Chx10+ neurons control global motor arrest in mice
Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of...
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Biophysical Methods to Analyze Direct G-Protein Regulation of Neuronal Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels play an essential role for calcium entry into presynaptic endings responsible for the release of...
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Fluorescent Metal Nanoclusters for Bioimaging
Because of their ultrasmall core size (usually <2 nm), strong photoluminescence, facile availability, and good biocompatibility, fluorescent metal...
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Development of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery
In the previous chapter, the possible use of prodrug design in the enhancement of systemic delivery has been discussed. As the technique applicable...
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Recombinant helical plant virus-based nanoparticles for vaccination and immunotherapy
Plant virus-based nanoparticles (PVNs) are self-assembled capsid proteins of plant viruses, and can be virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) or virus...
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Buccal and Intraoral Drug Delivery: Potential Alternative to Conventional Therapy
Repositioning an old drug through intraoral drug delivery system benefits the pharmaceutical manufacturer by imparting unique product differentiation...
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Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, -7, -9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP-2, -3) in the chicken oviduct regression and recrudescence
This study was undertaken to examine mRNA and protein expression, localization of selected MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), and the activity...
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Development and Developmental Disorders of the Forebrain
The forebrain comprises those structures that are derived from the most rostral part of the neural plate, i.e. the primary prosencephalon. The...
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Sexually dimorphic distribution of Prokr2 neurons revealed by the Prokr2-Cre mouse model
Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) is predominantly expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Loss-of-function mutations of PROKR2 in humans...
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Classification of Drugs, Nutraceuticals, Functional Food, and Cosmeceuticals; Proteins, Peptides, and Enzymes as Drugs
A crude drug is a naturally occurring unrefined substance consisting of whole plant or herb, any part of it, exudate or extract of it. Crude drugs of...
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Vitamins, Nutraceuticals, Food Additives, Enzymes, Anesthetic Aids, and Cosmetics
Vitamins are low-molecular-weight organic compounds, indispensable for life activity in trace amounts for essential metabolic reactions, where...
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Biophysical Methods to Analyze Direct G-Protein Regulation of Neuronal Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels play an essential role for calcium entry into presynaptic endings responsible for the release of...
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Drug Therapy
This chapter first summarizes the therapy of addiction disorder, and elaborates on the progress of medication. First, the difference between...
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Hypothalamic Hormones
Hypothalamic regulatory hormones are used in diagnostic procedures and for therapy, usually modified by chemical synthesis to enhance activities...
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Extracellular ATP and other nucleotides—ubiquitous triggers of intercellular messenger release
Extracellular nucleotides, and ATP in particular, are cellular signal substances involved in the control of numerous (patho)physiological mechanisms....
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Colloidal Carriers in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery
Ocular diseases like cataract, glaucoma, retinoblastoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and choroidal...
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Testicular Steroid Hormones
Castration of young male rats is performed with minimal bleeding in animals weighing less than 60 g. The animal is anesthetized. A small transversal...
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Advent and Recent Advances in Research on the Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in the Regulation of Gonadotropic Hormone Secretion of Female Rats
PACAP (ADCYAP1) was isolated from ovine hypothalami. PACAP activates three distinct receptor types: G-protein coupled PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 with...
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Hypothalamic Hormones
Hypothalamic regulatory hormones are used in diagnostic procedures and for therapy, usually modified by chemical synthesis to enhance activities...