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Evaluation of eGFP expression in the ChAT-eGFP transgenic mouse brain
BackgroundA historically definitive marker for cholinergic neurons is choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), a synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine,...
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Immunohistochemistry for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue: comparison with reported literature
The majority of research regarding the expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the brain has been conducted...
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Chronic stress induces pulmonary epithelial cells to produce acetylcholine that remodels lung pre-metastatic niche of breast cancer by enhancing NETosis
BackgroundChronic stress promotes most hallmarks of cancer through impacting the malignant tissues, their microenvironment, immunity, lymphatic flow,...
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Starburst amacrine cells, involved in visual motion perception, lose their synaptic input from dopaminergic amacrine cells and degenerate in Parkinson’s disease patients
BackgroundThe main clinical symptoms characteristic of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are bradykinesia, tremor, and other motor deficits. However,...
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Distribution, quantification, and characterization of substance P enteric neurons in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses of the porcine colon
The pig is an important translational model for studying intestinal physiology and disorders for its many homologies with humans, including the...
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Effects of experimental ulcerative colitis on myenteric neurons in P2X7-knockout mice
This study aimed to investigate the distal colon myenteric plexus and enteric glial cells (EGCs) in P2X7 receptor-deficient (P2X7−/−) animals after...
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Quercetin mitigates scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction: impact on oxidative stress and cholinergic mechanisms
Despite the promising neuroprotective activities of quercetin (QT), its’ effect on cholinergic neurotransmission needs further elucidation. In this...
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Significance of Choline Acetyltransferase Enzyme in Tackling Neurodegenerative Diseases
Identified as a specific biomarker of the cholinergic neurons, choline acetyltransferase enzyme (ChAT) [EC number 2.3.1.6] catalyzes the synthesis of...
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Characterization of Sonic Hedgehog transcripts in the adult mouse brain: co-expression with neuronal and oligodendroglial markers
In the adult mammalian brain, astrocytes are proposed to be the major Sonic Hedgehog (Shh)-responsive cells. However, the sources of the Shh molecule...
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Cholinergic signaling influences the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and tumor hallmarks in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines
BackgroundCancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host’s...
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Chemical genetic activation of the cholinergic basal forebrain hippocampal circuit rescues memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundThe degeneration of the cholinergic circuit from the basal forebrain to the hippocampus contributes to memory loss in patients suffering...
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Quercetin enhances survival and axonal regeneration of motoneurons after spinal root avulsion and reimplantation: experiments in a rat model of brachial plexus avulsion
BackgroundBrachial plexus avulsion (BPA) physically involves the detachment of spinal nerve roots themselves and the associated spinal cord segment,...
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Spinal cord from body donors is suitable for multicolor immunofluorescence
Immunohistochemistry is a powerful tool for studying neuronal tissue from humans at the molecular level. Obtaining fresh neuronal tissue from human...
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Nitrergic and Purinergic Nerves in the Small Intestinal Myenteric Plexus and Circular Muscle of Mice and Guinea Pigs
ATP is an excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter, while nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the enteric nervous system (ENS)....
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Specific Mode Electroacupuncture Stimulation Mediates the Delivery of NGF Across the Hippocampus Blood–Brain Barrier Through p65-VEGFA-TJs to Improve the Cognitive Function of MCAO/R Convalescent Rats
Cognitive impairment frequently presents as a prevalent consequence following stroke, imposing significant burdens on patients, families, and...
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Molecular characterization and distribution of motilin and motilin receptor in the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes
Motilin (MLN) is a peptide hormone originally isolated from the mucosa of the porcine intestine. Its orthologs have been identified in various...
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Effects of a P2X7 receptor antagonist on myenteric neurons in the distal colon of an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and affect...
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Localization Pattern of Dispatched Homolog 2 (DISP2) in the Central and Enteric Nervous System
Dispatched homolog (DISP) proteins have been implicated in the regulation of hedgehog signaling during embryologic development. Although DISP2 has...
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Cornuside ameliorates cognitive impairments via RAGE/TXNIP/NF-κB signaling in Aβ1-42 induced Alzheimer’s disease mice
Cornuside has been discovered to improve learning and memory in AD mice, however, its underlying mechanism was not fully understood. In the present...
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Differential expression of neuropeptide F in the digestive organs of female freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, during the ovarian cycle
Neuropeptide F is a key hormone that controls feeding in invertebrates, including decapod crustaceans. We investigated the differential expression of M...
