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Individual variability in the size and organization of the human arcuate nucleus of the medulla
The arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the medulla is found in almost all human brains and in a small percentage of chimpanzee brains. It is absent in the...
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Expression of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor in neuropeptide Y neurons of the arcuate nucleus in mice
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and its agonists exert anorexigenic effect at least partly via acting on GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) in the arcuate...
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Nucleus accumbens ghrelin signaling controls anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress
BackgroundAnxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders. Ghrelin is a critical orexigenic brain-gut peptide that regulates food...
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Populational heterogeneity and partial migratory origin of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus: genoarchitectonic analysis in the mouse
The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) is one of the most distinctive hypothalamic tuberal structures, subject of numerous classic and modern...
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Rhombomere 10 r10
Ascending cranially in the brainstem, this chapter deals with some more precerebellar nuclei—projecting to the cerebellum—like the lateral reticular...
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Gene Regulatory Programs in the Development of Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Neurons
Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) relay and translate important cues from the periphery into the central nervous system to maintain...
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LPS immune challenge reduces arcuate nucleus TSHR and CART mRNA and elevates plasma CART peptides
BackgroundThe aim was to examine the impact of lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation on expression of mRNA for cocaine- and...
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Expression of GAD65/67 and VGLUT2 in Mediobasal Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging
The expression of glutamate decarboxylase GAD65/67, an enzyme of GABA synthesis, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in the arcuate,...
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CD8 cytotoxic T-cell infiltrates and cellular damage in the hypothalamus in human obesity
Rare cases of paraneoplastic obesity in children suggest sporadic obesity might also arise from an adaptive immune cell-mediated mechanism. Since the...
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Function-guided differences of arcuate fascicle and inferior fronto-occipital fascicle tractography as diagnostic indicators for surgical risk stratification
BackgroundSeveral patients with language-eloquent gliomas face language deterioration postoperatively. Persistent aphasia is frequently associated...
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α-MSH-catabolic enzyme prolylcarboxypeptidase in nucleus accumbens shell ameliorates stress susceptibility in mice through regulating synaptic plasticity
Emerging evidence demonstrates the vital role of synaptic transmission and structural remodeling in major depressive disorder. Activation of...
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Quantification of localized NAD+ changes reveals unique specificity of NAD+ regulation in the hypothalamus
Recently, it has become a consensus that systemic decreases in NAD + are a critical trigger for age-associated functional decline in multiple tissues...
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Changes in the Expression of Steroidogenic Factor 1 (SF-1) in Neurons in the Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Rats on Aging
Expression of steroidogenic factor 1 in neurons in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats was studied using an immunohistochemical...
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Primate auditory prototype in the evolution of the arcuate fasciculus
The human arcuate fasciculus pathway is crucial for language, interconnecting posterior temporal and inferior frontal areas. Whether a monkey homolog...
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Optical Activation of Photoswitchable TRPC Ligands in the Mammalian Olfactory System Using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy
The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels play important biological roles, but their activation mechanisms are incompletely...
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Seasonal remodeling of the progenitor pool and its distribution in the ewe mediobasal hypothalamus
Recent studies have reported the presence of adult neurogenesis in the arcuate nucleus periventricular space (pvARH) and in the median eminence (ME),...
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Hypothalamic POMC neuron-specific knockout of MC4R affects insulin sensitivity by regulating Kir2.1
BackgroundImbalance in energy regulation is a major cause of insulin resistance and diabetes. Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling at specific...
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The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and the Circadian Timekee** System of the Body
We humans are diurnal – active in the day and asleep at night. Along with this pattern of rest and activity are many other timed processes of which...
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A map of white matter tracts in a lesser ape, the lar gibbon
The recent development of methods for constructing directly comparable white matter atlases in primate brains from diffusion MRI allows us to probe...
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Exposure to Cadmium Alters the Population of Glial Cell Types and Disrupts the Regulatory Mechanisms of the HPG Axis in Prepubertal Female Rats
Despite the fact that the brain is susceptible to neurotoxicity induced by cadmium (Cd), the effects of Cd on the neuroanatomical development in the...
