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Tumor Microenvironment: Multiway Role in Drug Resistance
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an ecosystem that surrounds a tumor inside the body. TME contains a complex and dynamic system that consists of...
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The Role of Exosomes in Tumor Metastasis
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles featuring phospholipid bilayers, play essential roles in cell–cell communication; tumor microenvironment (TME)...
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Anti-arthritic effects of geranium essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles in Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritic rats through down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines
Geranium essential oil (GEO) has been widely used in aromatherapy and traditional medicines. Nanoencapsulation, a novel technique has emerged to...
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Oncogenes and Signal Transduction
The observation that RNA tumor viruses, which have captured host genes encoding for key proteins in signal transduction cascades, can transform...
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Breast Tumor Microenvironment and CDKs
Breast malignancy is one of the most frequently diagnosed carcinoma in women globally, and it is also the common reason for tumor-associated fatality...
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Generation of 3D-Multicellular Human iPSC-Heart Organoids for the Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Fibrosis
The lack of a precise noninvasive, clinical evaluation method for cardiac fibrosis hinders the development of successful treatments that can...
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The Gut Microbiome and the Central Nervous System (CNS)
The presence of resident microbial species in the human gastrointestinal tract has been known for a long time. However, only recently have they been...
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Chemokines in Cancer Therapy
Chemokines are small cell signalling proteins corresponding to family of cytokines that aid in movement of leukocytes. They are low-molecular-weight...
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Strategies of Early Diagnosis of Cancers
When cancer is identified early, the chances of survival improve. However, almost half of all malignancies are identified at an advanced stage. Early...
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Introduction to Cancer Genetics and Its Symbiotic Relationship
Cell annexation is an intrinsic cellular pathway by which cells interact with extracellular stimuli to draft and constrain the structure of their...
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Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant type of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by the...
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Genetics of myocardial interstitial fibrosis in the human heart and association with disease
Myocardial interstitial fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease and adverse prognosis. Here, to investigate the biological pathways that...
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Systemic Onco-sphere: Host Adaptive Immune System
When antigenic tumor cells contact the immune system, they set off both innate and adaptive immune system. In the previous chapter, we have described...
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Heart Valve Regeneration
The valves of the heart cannot regenerate spontaneously. Therefore, heart valve disease generally necessitates surgical repair or replacement of the...
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The effect of obesity on adipose-derived stromal cells and adipose tissue and their impact on cancer
The significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents the next global health crisis. As a result, scientific research has focused on...
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Epicardium and Coronary Vessels
Congenital anomalies and acquired diseases of the coronary blood vessels are of great clinical relevance. The early diagnosis of these conditions...
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Immune Allies to Cancer Metastasis
Tumor dissemination and metastasis are fatal to cancer patients due to its high incidence and mortality. In the metastatic process,...
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Genome-Wide Selection Signal Analysis of Australian Boer Goat by Insertion/Deletion Variants
AbstractSelection in breeds for commercial goat is needed for production efficiency, growth trait alteration, and improved livestock quality. Boer...
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Fibrosis in Liver and Pancreas: a Review on Pathogenic Significance, Diagnostic Options, and Current Management Strategies
Inflammation is one of the most natural ways of the body’s biological response against invading foreign pathogens or injured cells which eventually...
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Intragenomic rearrangements involving 5′-untranslated region segments in SARS-CoV-2, other betacoronaviruses, and alphacoronaviruses
BackgroundVariation of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been the bane of COVID-19 control. Documented variation includes point mutations,...
