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Microparticles in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: effect on endothelial barrier function
BackgroundCell-derived microparticles are secreted in response to cell damage or dysfunction. Endothelial and platelet dysfunction are thought to...
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In vivo dual targeting of the oncogenic Ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel by calcitriol and astemizole results in enhanced antineoplastic effects in breast tumors
BackgroundThe oncogenic ether-à-go-go-1 potassium channel (EAG1) activity and expression are necessary for cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis....
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Calcitriol restores antiestrogen responsiveness in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells: A potential new therapeutic approach
BackgroundApproximately 30% of breast tumors do not express the estrogen receptor (ER) α, which is necessary for endocrine therapy approaches....
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Triatomicidal effect of new spot-on formulations applied to poultry in semi-field conditions
Chagas disease is an endemic disease affecting ten million people in the American continent. Produced by a parasite transmitted by triatomine...
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Immune Systems Evolution
Animals and plants have a complex and effective immune system that protect them from invading microorganisms. The mechanisms of immunity are...
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The Emergence of the Major Histocompatilibility Complex
The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genomic region that contains genes that encode proteins involved with antigen presentation and,...
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Autophagy and Self-Defense
Autophagy is a highly conserved mechanism which is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in response to cellular stress. Autophagy...
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The Origin of the Bacterial Immune Response
Bacteriophages are probably the oldest viruses, having appeared early during bacterial evolution. Therefore, bacteria and bacteriophages have a long...
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Sensing in Nature
Biological systems are an emerging discipline that may provide integrative tools by assembling the hierarchy of interactions among genes, proteins...
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Self and Nonself
In 1960 Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet received the Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine. He titled his Nobel Lecture “Immunological Recognition of...
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The Evolution of Adaptive Immunity
The concept of adaptive immunity suggests de novo generation in each individual of extremely large repertoires of diversified receptors and selective...
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Sensing Necrotic Cells
Multicellular organisms have developed ways to recognize potentially life-threatening events (danger signals). Classically, danger signals have been...
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Molecules and Mating: Positive Selection and Reproductive Behaviour in Primates
Sexual reproduction is generally thought to be more costly than asexual reproduction. However, it does have the advantage of accelerating rates of...
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Involvement of Sirtuins in Life-Span and Aging Related Diseases
Since healthy aging remains one of the ideals of modern society, both, the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and interventions...
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Hallmarks of Consciousness
Consciousness, ranging from the primary, or perceptual, level to high levels that include a sense of self, can be identified in various organisms by...
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Glyconectin Glycans as the Self-Assembling Nano-Molecular-Velcrosystem Mediating Self-Nonself Recognition and Adhesion Implicated in Evolution of Multicellularity
The goal of this chapter is to make a specific contribution about glyconectin glycan as the self-assembling nano-molecular-velcro system mediating...
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Molecular Diversity of Dscam and Self-Recognition
Cell recognition requires interactions through molecules located on cell surface. The insect homolog of Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam)...
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Magnetoreception
Animals can use the direction of the magnetic field as a compass and the intensity of the magnetic field as a component of the navigational ‘map’....
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Changing Senses: Chemosensory Signaling and Primate Evolution
Sensory organs provide key, and in many cases species-specific, information that allows animals to effectively forage, find mates and avoid hazards....