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    Chapter

    The Chinese Pension System: The Fragmented System

    This chapter provides a detailed overview of the reform and current state of the pension system in China. China is the largest develo** country in the world and is facing an aging population before becoming ...

    Zining Liu in International Comparison of Pension Systems (2022)

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    Article

    How private sector participation improves retirement preparation: A case from China

    This paper shows empirically how private sector participation improves the adequacy and equality of retirement preparation in a three-pillar retirement system. We develop a three-layer replacement rate approac...

    Wei Zheng, Zining Liu, Ruo Jia in The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - … (2019)