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Article
Modulation of OPRM1 Alternative Splicing by Morphine and HIV–1 Nef
Clinically used opioids, such as morphine, activate the mu opioid receptor (MOR) encoded by Opioid Receptor Mu 1 (OPRM1) gene. Examination of the opioid receptor genes showed that the human OPRM1 pre–mRNA unde...
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Article
The Impact of Alcohol-Induced Dysbiosis on Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System
The human digestive tract contains a diverse and abundant microbiota that is important for health. Excessive alcohol use can disrupt the balance of these microbes (known as dysbiosis), leading to elevated bloo...
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Article
Involvement of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 in Nicotine’s Suppression of Antiviral Immune Responses
Nicotine, the active ingredient in tobacco smoke, suppresses antiviral responses. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) regulate transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in thi...
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Article
Ethanol’s Effects on Transient Receptor Potential Channel Expression in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Ethanol (EtOH), the main ingredient in alcoholic beverages, is well known for its behavioral, physiological, and immunosuppressive effects. There is evidence that EtOH acts through protein targets to exert its...