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Article
Tolerogenic effect of fiber tract injury: reduced EAE severity following entorhinal cortex lesion
Despite transient, myelin-directed adaptive immune responses in regions of fiber tract degeneration, none of the current models of fiber tract injuries evokes disseminated demyelination, implying effective mec...
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Article
Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica—incorporation of NMO-IgG status
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Article
Sirt1 contributes critically to the redox-dependent fate of neural progenitors
Repair processes that are activated in response to neuronal injury, be it inflammatory, ischaemic, metabolic, traumatic or other cause, are characterized by a failure to replenish neurons and by astrogliosis. ...
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Article
Activation of kinin receptor B1 limits encephalitogenic T lymphocyte recruitment to the central nervous system
Modulating the entry of inflammatory T cells into the brain could be one way to treat the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Now, Frauke Zipp and colleagues demonstrate that activation of kinin receptor B1...
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Article
Open AccessBeyond blood brain barrier breakdown – in vivodetection of occult neuroinflammatory foci by magnetic nanoparticles in high field MRI
Gadopentate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied for the visualization of blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experiment...
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Article
Neuromyelitis and more: the unfolding spectrum of aquaporin 4-related neurological diseases
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Article
Development of oral cladribine for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the CNS in which autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, antibodies, macrophages and cytokines synergize to attack myelin sheat...
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Article
Fingolimod is a potential novel therapy for multiple sclerosis
Only moderately effective therapies are currently available for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). New treatments for MS that have neuroprotective properties as well as anti-inflammatory effects are nee...
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Article
Open AccessContrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: A multicentre study of 175 patients
The diagnostic and pathophysiological relevance of antibodies to aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) has been intensively studied. However, little is known so...
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Article
Independent replication of STAT3 association with multiple sclerosis risk in a large German case–control sample
Recent genome-wide association studies have implicated the “signal transducer and activator of transcription 3” gene (STAT3) as a putative new multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility locus. However, independent va...
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Article
Open AccessAn emboligenic pulmonary abscess leading to ischemic stroke and secondary brain abscess
Ischemic stroke by septic embolism occurs primarily in the context of infective endocarditis or in patients with a right-to-left shunt and formation of a secondary cerebral abscess is a rare event. Erosion of ...
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Article
Characteristics of Susac syndrome: a review of all reported cases
Susac syndrome is an important differential diagnosis in many neurological disorders, but our understanding of this rare disease has largely been limited to reports of single cases and small case series. In th...
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Article
Open AccessUpdate on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: Recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic’s syndrome), long considered a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis, is now regarded as a distinct disease entity. Major progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatmen...
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Article
Open AccessClinical, paraclinical and serological findings in Susac syndrome: an international multicenter study
Susac syndrome (SuS) is a rare disorder thought to be caused by autoimmune-mediated occlusions of microvessels in the brain, retina and inner ear leading to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, visual dis...
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Article
Assessment of microRNA-related SNP effects in the 3′ untranslated region of the IL22RA2 risk locus in multiple sclerosis
Recent large-scale association studies have identified over 100 MS risk loci. One of these MS risk variants is single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17066096, located ~14 kb downstream of IL22RA2. IL22RA2 repres...
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Article
Open AccessProtein oxidative damage in the hippocampus in a mouse model of acute hyperammonemia
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Article
Open AccessAquaporin-4 antibody testing: direct comparison of M1-AQP4-DNA-transfected cells with leaky scanning versus M23-AQP4-DNA-transfected cells as antigenic substrate
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic syndrome) is associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4 (NMO-IgG/AQP4-Ab) in the majority of cases. NMO-IgG/AQP4-Ab seropositivity in patients with NMO and its spectrum disorder...
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Article
Open AccessInterferon-β-related tumefactive brain lesion in a Caucasian patient with neuromyelitis optica and clinical stabilization with tocilizumab
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severely disabling inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system and is often misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS). There is increasing evidence that treatment options ...
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Article
Open AccessPneumococcal meningitis and vaccine effects in the era of conjugate vaccination: results of 20 years of nationwide surveillance in Germany
Long-term complications and a case mortality rate of 7.5% make meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae a serious clinical threat. In 2006, a general pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV) recommendation w...
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Article
Open AccessIFNβ secreted by microglia mediates clearance of myelin debris in CNS autoimmunity
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) leading to progressive neurological disability. Interferon β (IFNβ) represents a standard treatment for relapsing...
