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Book
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Chapter
The Links Between Social and Linguistic Change
The principal research theme examined in this book is variation, and to some extent change, in the pronunciation of contemporary European French, considered from the viewpoint of how language change has reflec...
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Chapter
Regional Vernacular Varieties and Language Levelling in Belgium and Switzerland
In this chapter we discuss the evolution of vernacular varieties in francophone Belgium and Suisse romande since the 1960s and 1970s. As both territories are administratively federal with different substrate v...
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Chapter
Social Levelling: Substantive Transformations, Changing Social Practices and Symbolic Representations
In the previous chapter we attempted to characterise the three major French-speaking areas of Europe in a wider sociolinguistic perspective, while at the same time focussing on various aspects of their differe...
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Chapter
The Levelling of Regional Varieties in France
In this chapter we consider the ongoing levelling of regional pronunciation, using perceptual and behavioural data. The picture of regional variation among speakers born in the first half of the 20th century, ...
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Chapter
Social Factors: Bringing Together Class, Gender, Migration, Ideology and Language
We attempt to draw together here the threads of earlier chapters in the light of our depiction of the linguistic situation in the territories under scrutiny, beginning with three of the main aspects of social ...
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Chapter
Standardisation and Language Change in France, Belgium and Switzerland
In the following chapter we give an account of the social changes that have occurred in western European countries from the 1960s, an epoch generally accepted as a key turning-point. The changes, whether subst...
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Chapter
Accents and Levelling in France, Belgium and Switzerland
In Section 3.9 of the previous chapter we referred to a number of changes in the zeitgeist of the francophone areas and other parts of Europe: in particular, an anti-authoritarian spirit which has led to the ques...
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Article
Jürgen Erfurt and Gabriele Budach (eds): Standardisation et Déstandardisation/Estandarización y desestandarización (Le français et l’espagnol au XXe siècle/El francés y el español en el siglo XX)
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Book
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Chapter
Introduction
In this book we explore some of the ways in which standardization, ideology and linguistics are connected. Standardization in language has received a fair amount of scholarly attention, and in Chapter 1 we und...
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Chapter
Grammaticality
It used to be the case that grammatical discourse was an overtly ideological activity, in the sense that an explicit part of linguistic description consisted in recommending certain patterns of usage and dispa...
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Chapter
Language change
In Chapter 2 we re-examined the notion of grammaticality, arguing that it was ultimately a projection or epiphenomenon of standardization. From that perspective, the grammar constructed by a professional lingu...
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Chapter
Away from the Anglo-Saxon model: the case of French
So far we have not considered whether what might be referred to as the ‘generalized Western’ social situation, previously described, applies uniformly across different countries. Although it appears plausible ...
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Chapter
The nature of the standard
In this chapter we attempt to characterize the essential features of standard languages. In the interests of clear exposition we set out these features below in separate sections, although it will be seen that...
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Chapter
Prestige speech patterns
In the previous chapter we were concerned with arbitrary exclusions from the standard corpus. Here we look at the converse phenomenon. By this we mean phonetic patterns or grammatical structures that appear to...
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Chapter
Social levelling, or anti-standardization
The previous chapters have been concerned primarily with the relationship between the ideology of standardization and linguistics. Here we consider standardization within the context of a more thoroughgoing an...
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Article
Golimumab for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis: A NICE Single Technology Appraisal
As part of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) single technology appraisal (STA) process, the Evidence Review Group (ERG) produced a report to comment on the clinical and cost effe...
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Article
Open AccessLenalidomide for the Treatment of Low- or Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes Associated with Deletion 5q Cytogenetic Abnormality: An Evidence Review of the NICE Submission from Celgene
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) invited the manufacturer of lenalidomide (Celgene) to submit evidence of the clinical and cost effectiveness of the drug for treating adults with my...
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Article
Comparative effectiveness of biologics for the management of rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and network meta-analysis
Our aim was to establish the comparative effectiveness of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) biologics, using a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The systematic review used randomized controlled trials (RCTs...
