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Open AccessCase Report: An Adult Case of Poretti-Boltshauser Syndrome Diagnosed by Medical Checkup
This report describes an adult case of Poretti–Boltshauser syndrome (PTBHS) and with novel variants of LAMA1. A 65-year-old Japanese woman with cerebellar malformation identified during a medical checkup was refe...
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Article
Open AccessComprehensive Analysis of a Japanese Pedigree with Biallelic ACAGG Expansions in RFC1 Manifesting Motor Neuronopathy with Painful Muscle Cramps
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) is an autosomal recessive multisystem neurologic disorder caused by biallelic intronic repeats in RFC1. Although the phenotype of CANVAS h...
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Article
Open AccessUpregulated complement receptors correlate with Fc gamma receptor 3A-positive natural killer and natural killer-T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Inhibition of terminal complement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) using eculizumab helps prevent relapses, but the exact mechanism of action of the drug remains unclear. Similarly, genetic va...
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Article
Open AccessThe human central nervous system discharges carbon dioxide and lactic acid into the cerebrospinal fluid
The central nervous system was previously thought to draw oxygen and nutrition from the arteries and discharge carbon dioxide and other metabolic wastes into the venous system. At present, the functional role ...
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Article
Molecular Analyses of the Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Patients with Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in Japan
1. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder characterized by selective damage to the neural system that mediates voluntary movement. Although the pathophysiologic process of ALS remains u...