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Chapter
TOS: Clinical Incidence and Scope of the Problem
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) has been recognized since the nineteenth century, and the “modern” area of treatment, especially for NTOS, dates from at least the 1970s. Despite this, however, the incidence of ...
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Chapter
NTOS for the Primary Care Team: When to Consider the Diagnosis?
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a real but uncommon syndrome, and, as a result diagnosis is often delayed and referral to a specialist frequently comes later than the patient and physician would like. It is ...
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Chapter
Controversies in NTOS: What Is the Evidence Supporting Brachial Plexus Neurolysis and Wrap**
The motor and sensory deficits of NTOS may be due in part to neurologically active, fibrotic tissue surrounding the brachial plexus. The pathophysiologic mechanism behind the formation of this tissue begins wi...
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Chapter
Diagnosis of VTOS: 2016 Consensus Guidelines
Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) is the second most common form of TOS. While seemingly easy to diagnose, there are some pitfalls and differences of opinions regarding classification. Treatment varies ac...
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Chapter
Establishing a TOS-Focused Practice
Patients with thoracic outlet syndrome, especially neurologic, typically require many more resources than the typical vascular, thoracic, or neurologic patient. As such, a dedicated TOS clinic pays major divid...
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Chapter
A Closer Look at QuickDASH and CBSQ: What Do they Tell us?
Two relatively objective patient-reported checklists are recommended for use in patients with NTOS: The short form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) and Cervicobrachial Symptom Que...
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Chapter
Hypercoagulable Conditions and VTOS
Subclavian vein thrombosis (SVT) in patients with venous thoracic outlet syndrome (VTOS) can be difficult to manage, and the prevalence of hypercoagulable disorders in patients with VTOS needs to be clarified....
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Chapter
TOS: The Perspective of the Patient
As all who care for patients with this problem can attest, thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is perhaps the best example of a diagnosis that is slow to be made. Symptoms can be obscure and at first mild, many pri...
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