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    Chapter

    Anatomy and Variations of the Mental Foramen

    The mental foramen (MF) is the exit of the mandibular canal and a critical structure for implant surgery, periodontal surgery, periapical surgery, and local anesthesia. The mental neurovascular bundles emerge ...

    Joe Iwanaga, Paul J. Choi in Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry (2019)

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    Chapter

    Anatomy and Variations of the Floor of the Maxillary Sinus

    The maxillary sinus is one of the paranasal sinuses along with the frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses. It is located above the apical roots of the maxillary molars and is an important structure in fiel...

    Katsuichiro Maruo, Charlotte Wilson in Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry (2019)

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    Chapter

    Anatomy and Variations of the Temporomandibular Joint

    The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a synovial joint that permits gliding, rotation, elevation, and depression and normally functions in mastication, suckling, swallowing, yawning, speaking, and...

    Rebecca C. Ramdhan, Joe Iwanaga in Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry (2019)