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Chapter
Anatomy and Variations of the Mental Foramen
The mental foramen (MF) is the exit of the mandibular canal and a critical structure for implant surgery, periodontal surgery, periapical surgery, and local anesthesia. The mental neurovascular bundles emerge ...
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Chapter
Anatomy and Variations of the Floor of the Maxillary Sinus
The maxillary sinus is one of the paranasal sinuses along with the frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses. It is located above the apical roots of the maxillary molars and is an important structure in fiel...
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Chapter
Anatomy and Variations of the Temporomandibular Joint
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is classified as a synovial joint that permits gliding, rotation, elevation, and depression and normally functions in mastication, suckling, swallowing, yawning, speaking, and...