24 Result(s)
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Chapter
A Nasty, Brutish, and Short History of Amphibian Bioacoustics
From prehistoric times, humans have certainly been aware of the existence of sounds of frogs and toads. The significance of sounds for mating was noted by Aristotle (Historia Animalium, translated as History o...
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Living Reference Work Entry In depth
Temporary Threshold Shift in Turtles
Temporary threshold shifts (TTS) have been studied in a variety of aquatic organisms from fish to marine mammals, but never in sea turtles. Here, turtle TTS was measured in air, and the in-air to underwater se...
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Article
Neuroethology of sound localization in anurans
Albert Feng pioneered the study of neuroethology of sound localization in anurans by combining behavioral experiments on phonotaxis with detailed investigations of neural processing of sound direction from the...
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Article
The Masked ABR (mABR): a New Measurement Method for the Auditory Brainstem Response
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is relatively non-invasive, and in many species, the only practical way to assess auditory sensitivity. The two main methods for measuring ABR are using either transients ...
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Article
From “ear” to there: a review of biorobotic models of auditory processing in lizards
The peripheral auditory system of lizards has been extensively studied, because of its remarkable directionality. In this paper, we review the research that has been performed on this system using a biorobotic...
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Article
Role of intracranial cavities in avian directional hearing
Whereas it is clear from anatomical studies that all birds have complex interaural canals connecting their middle ears, the effect of interaural coupling on directional hearing has been disputed. A reason for ...
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Article
Sound source localization and segregation with internally coupled ears: the treefrog model
Acoustic signaling plays key roles in mediating many of the reproductive and social behaviors of anurans (frogs and toads). Moreover, acoustic signaling often occurs at night, in structurally complex habitats,...
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Article
Animals and ICE: meaning, origin, and diversity
ICE stands for internally coupled ears. More than half of the terrestrial vertebrates, such as frogs, lizards, and birds, as well as many insects, are equipped with ICE that utilize an air-filled cavity connec...
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Article
Coupled ears in lizards and crocodilians
Lizard ears are coupled across the pharynx, and are very directional. In consequence all auditory responses should be directional, without a requirement for computation of sound source location. Crocodilian ea...
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Article
Low frequency eardrum directionality in the barn owl induced by sound transmission through the interaural canal
The middle ears of birds are typically connected by interaural cavities that form a cranial canal. Eardrums coupled in this manner may function as pressure difference receivers rather than pressure receivers. ...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
In-Air and Underwater Hearing in the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis)
Hearing thresholds of a great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) were measured in air and under water using psychophysics. The lowest thresholds were at 2 kHz (45 dB re 20 μPa root-mean-square [rms] in air and 79 dB...
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Article
Spatial hearing in Cope’s gray treefrog: II. Frequency-dependent directionality in the amplitude and phase of tympanum vibrations
Anuran ears function as pressure difference receivers, and the amplitude and phase of tympanum vibrations are inherently directional, varying with sound incident angle. We quantified the nature of this directi...
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Chapter
The Malleable Middle Ear: An Underappreciated Player in the Evolution of Hearing in Vertebrates
The middle ear of tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) originated from nonauditory structures, and has been modified by adaptations arising from the lifestyle of the tetrapods. These accessory structures for the inn...
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Chapter
Auditory Brain Stem Processing in Reptiles and Amphibians: Roles of Coupled Ears
Comparative approaches to the auditory system have yielded great insight into the evolution of sound localization circuits, particularly within the nonmammalian tetrapods. The fossil record demonstrates multip...
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Reference Work Entry In depth
Evolution of the Auditory System: In Reptiles and Birds
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Article
Acoustical Coupling of Lizard Eardrums
Lizard ears are clear examples of two-input pressure-difference receivers, with up to 40-dB differences in eardrum vibration amplitude in response to ipsi- and contralateral stimulus directions. The directiona...
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Article
Tone and call responses of units in the auditory nerve and dorsal medullary nucleus of Xenopus laevis
The clawed frog Xenopus laevis produces vocalizations consisting of distinct patterns of clicks. This study provides the first description of spontaneous, pure-tone and communication-signal evoked discharge prope...
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Chapter
Directional Hearing in Nonmammalian Tetrapods
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Article
Directionality of auditory nerve fiber responses to pure tone stimuli in the grassfrog, Rana temporaria. II. Spike timing
We studied the directionality of spike timing in the responses of single auditory nerve fibers of the grass frog, Rana temporaria, to tone burst stimulation. Both the latency of the first spike after stimulus on...
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Article
Directionality of auditory nerve fiber responses to pure tone stimuli in the grassfrog, Rana temporaria. I. Spike rate responses
We studied the directionality of spike rate responses of auditory nerve fibers of the grassfrog, Rana temporaria, to pure tone stimuli. All auditory fibers showed spike rate directionality. The strongest directi...
