Frogs as Host-Parasite Systems I
An Introduction to Parasitology through the Parasites of Rana temporaria, R. esculenta and R. pipiens
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Article
Nomenclature of Fowl Genetics
THE nomenclature of fowl genetics has become somewhat confused in recent years. So many characters have been investigated that the difficulty of designating symbols for the corresponding genes has increased co...
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Article
Structure of the Branchiæ of Careinus maenas
NOTHING is known concerning the histology of the branchiæ of Cardnus mænas, except for a brief account using Bouin-fixed material1. By fixation in Champy, whole-mount preparations of strips of a lamella stained i...
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Article
Golgi Apparatus in Astasia Harrisii
IT is well known that in numerous Protozoa, the contractile vacuole is associated with an osmiophile cortex, which is believed to be homologous with the Golgi apparatus of metazoan cells. In Paramecium, it has...
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Article
Localization of Vitamin C in Belascaris marginata
THE distribution of vitamin C in many vertebrate tissues is now well known, but excepting the Protozoa, knowledge of its localization in invertebrate tissues is somewhat limited, and no work, to our knowledge,...
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Article
Golgi Apparatus by Phase Contrast Microscopy
THE phase contrast optical system1,2,3,4 is little known in Britain, and not many observations5,6 of biological material by means of it have been reported. The system enables many structural details of living cel...
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Article
Development of Cestodes in vitro: Production of Fertile Eggs; Cultivation of Plerocercoid Fragments
PLEROCERCOID larvæ of Schistocephalus solidus and Ligula intestinalis, when removed aseptically from their respective fish hosts by means of a special technique, develop into sexually mature tapeworms if cultured...
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Parthenogenetic Development of Eggs from a Cestode Cultured Aseptically in vitro
IT has been shown that plerocercoid larvæ of the cestodes Schistocephalus solidus and Ligula intestinalis may be cultured to maturity in vitro in liquid media at 40° C. under sterile conditions. In the early expe...
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Article
Endocrine Control of Sexual Reproduction in Opalina ranarum Parasitic in Rana temporaria
IT is well known that opalinids parasitizing the recta of Amphibia multiply asexually by binary fission during most of the year. During the breeding season, however, the reproductive pattern changes to a sexua...
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Article
Secretory Activity by the Scolex of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro
DURING recent work on the in vitro cultivation of the hydatid organism, Echinococcus granulosus, observations were made on living 35-day-old strobila freshly removed from the intestine of dogs. Strobila were exam...
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Parasites
Animal Parasites.
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Chapter
The Ecology of Rana species in relation to their Parasite Fauna
This species, known as the ‘brown frog’ or ‘common frog’ in England, ‘grenouille rouse’ in France and ‘Gräsfröch’ in Germany, is the only species of Rana which is indigenous to the British Isles. It is a northern...
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Chapter
Experimental Methods: Trematodes
Snails collected from the places frequented by frogs are likely to be parasitised by larval stages of amphibian trematodes. The quickest way to determine if the snails are infected is to dissect a sample of th...
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Chapter
Protozoa
Most protozoa are best examined when they are alive, suspended in saline on a slide; the addition of a drop of Neutral Red (0.01 %) or Janus B. Green (0.01 %) sometimes helps to show up the internal structure....
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Chapter
Cestoda
Cestodes are found comparatively rarely in amphibia, but both adult and larval (plerocercoid and tetrathyridium) stages occur. In R. temporaria, R. esculenta and R. pipiens, those species most commonly encountere...
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Chapter
Acanthocephala
The Acanthocephala are readily distinguishable from all other groups of parasitic worms by the possession of an invaginable proboscis, armed with hooks, from which the common name ‘spiney headed’ worm is deriv...
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Experimental Methods: Protozoa
The best general fixative for protozoa is Schaudinn’s fluid: The solution keeps indefinitely; some workers prefer to add the acetic acid just p...
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Examination for Parasites: Basic Procedures
Frogs act as hosts to all the major groups of animal parasites—Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda—and provide a rich parasite fauna for laboratory study and experimentation. The life cyc...
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Nematoda
For details of a modern classification of the group, consult the ‘CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates’3. In R. temporaria, R. esculenta and R. pipiens, however, relatively few species of nematodes c...
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Chapter
Trematoda
Fresh specimens of trematodes and nematodes will probably have been obtained from the lungs, intestine, etc. and stored in saline. If these have not yet been separated from the tissues and placed in clean sali...
