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Erratum: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1
Nature 441, 315–321 (2006) We inadvertently omitted the names of the following authors: R. Banerjee, S. P. Bryant, D. C. Burford, W. D. H. Burrill, S. M. Clegg, P. Dhami, O. Dovey, L. M. Faulkner, S. M. Gribbl...
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The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chrom...
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Article
DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9
Chromosome 9 is highly structurally polymorphic. It contains the largest autosomal block of heterochromatin, which is heteromorphic in 6–8% of humans, whereas pericentric inversions occur in more than 1% of th...
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The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6
Chromosome 6 is a metacentric chromosome that constitutes about 6% of the human genome. The finished sequence comprises 166,880,988 base pairs, representing the largest chromosome sequenced so far. The entire ...
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An SNP map of human chromosome 22
The human genome sequence will provide a reference for measuring DNA sequence variation in human populations. Sequence variants are responsible for the genetic component of individuality, including complex cha...
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Article
Insulin-IGF2 region on chromosome 11p encodes a gene implicated in HLA-DR4-dependent diabetes susceptibility
A CLASS of alleles at the VNTR (variable number of tandem repeat) locus in the 5' region of the insulin gene (INS) on chromosome 11p is associated with increased risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
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Article
Non-steady-state biological removal of atmospheric particles from Mediterranean surface waters
IT has recently been suggested that the deposition of mineral aerosol particles, primarily transported from Africa during sporadic but intense events1,2, may have a profound influence on the geochemistry and the ...
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D-α-Aminoadipate as a selective antagonist of amino acid-induced and synaptic excitation of mammalian spinal neurones
THE identification of either L-glutamate or L-aspartate as excitatory transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system would be facilitated by the discovery of specific antagonists of amino acid-induced an...
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Article
Substance P and opiate receptors
IT has recently been demonstrated that the undecapeptide substance P (SP) produces analgesia in mice when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.v.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.)1. This effect of SP was reversed...
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Changes in amino acid sensitivity during polypeptide ‘desensitisation’
CURRENT interest in polypeptides as neurotransmitter substances in the central nervous system (CNS) has been focused on their ability to depolarise motoneurones1 and to excite single cells in various parts of the...
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Effects of enkephalin and morphine on Renshaw cells in feline spinal cord
IT has been suggested that enkephalin is the endogenous ligand for the opiate receptor1–3. This substance is unevenly distributed throughout the brain3,4 and occurs as two pentapeptides—met- and leu-enkephalin5. ...
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Opiate agonist-antagonist effects on Renshaw cells and spinal interneurones
ANALGESIC doses of morphine change the levels1,2 and release3,4 of acetylcholine from the central nervous system. At the single neurone level, however, little is known of the effects of morphine on cholinergic tr...
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Spinal interneurone excitation by conformationally restricted analogues of L-glutamic acid
L-GLUTAMIC acid is probably an excitatory transmitter of major significance in the mammalian central nervous system1. The L-glutamic acid molecule is relatively flexible, and in an attempt to gain some insight in...
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Measurements of Electrical Potential for detecting Crack Extension in COD Tests
THE crack opening displacement (COD) test is currently being used by a large number of research establishments throughout Britain and the USA to establish the fracture characteristics of high toughness–low str...