20 Result(s)
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Open AccessScience and values: a two-way direction
In the science and values literature, scholars have shown how science is influenced and shaped by values, often in opposition to the ‘value free’ ideal of science. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the sc...
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Open AccessHow is who: evidence as clues for action in participatory sustainability science and public health research
Participatory and collaborative approaches in sustainability science and public health research contribute to co-producing evidence that can support interventions by involving diverse societal actors that rang...
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Open AccessExperimental practices and objectivity in the social sciences: re-embedding construct validity in the internal–external validity distinction
The experimental revolution in the social sciences is one of the most significant methodological shifts undergone by the field since the ‘quantitative revolution’ in the nineteenth century. One of the often va...
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COVID-19 heralds a new epistemology of science for the public good
COVID-19 has revealed that science needs to learn how to better deal with the irreducible uncertainty that comes with global systemic risks as well as with the social responsibility of science towards the publ...
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Open AccessEpistemic Diversity and the Question of Lingua Franca in Science and Philosophy
Epistemic diversity is the ability or possibility of producing diverse and rich epistemic apparati to make sense of the world around us. In this paper we discuss whether, and to what extent, different concepti...
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Editors’ letter
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Editors’ letter
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Editors’ letter
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Model-Based Reasoning in the Social Sciences
Social scientists use different types of model to reason about social objects and to study social phenomena. In this chapter, I provide an overview of various forms of model-based reasoning in social research,...
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Can a Unified Approach Help in Teaching Philosophy of Science?
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Information Channels and Biomarkers of Disease
Current research in molecular epidemiology uses biomarkers to model the different disease phases from environmental exposure, to early clinical changes, to development of disease. The hope is to get a better u...
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A pluralist account of causality
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Introduction: Evidence and Causality in the Sciences
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Mechanisms and the Evidence Hierarchy
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) makes use of explicit procedures for grading evidence for causal claims. Normally, these procedures categorise evidence of correlation produced by statistical trials as better evi...
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Functions and Mechanisms in Structural-Modelling Explanations
One way social scientists explain phenomena is by building structural models. These models are explanatory insofar as they manage to perform a recursive decomposition on an initial multivariate probability dis...
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Philosophy of medicine: between clinical trials and mechanisms
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On Empirical Generalisations
Manipulationism holds that information about the results of interventions is of utmost importance for scientific practices such as causal assessment or explanation. Specifically, manipulation provides informat...
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Correlational Data, Causal Hypotheses, and Validity
A shared problem across the sciences is to make sense of correlational data coming from observations and/or from experiments. Arguably, this means establishing when correlations are causal and when they are no...
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Generic versus single-case causality: the case of autopsy
This paper addresses questions about how the levels of causality (generic and single-case causality) are related. One question is epistemological: can relationships at one level be evidence for relationships a...
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Salmon and Van Fraassen on the Existence of Unobservable Entities: A Matter of Interpretation of Probability
A careful analysis of Salmon’s Theoretical Realism and van Fraassen’s Constructive Empiricism shows that both share a common origin: the requirement of literal construal of theories inherited by the Standard V...
