47 Result(s)
within
Eugenio Picano
Emergency Medicine
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Chapter
Pacing Stress Echocardiography
Pacing stress acts through electrical stimulation of heart rate, with little, if any, increase in systolic blood pressure and a mild increase in contractility, with a reduction of left ventricular end-diastoli...
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Hyperventilation, Handgrip, Cold Pressor Stress Echocardiography
Hyperventilation has been mainly used in clinical practice as a provocative test for coronary artery vasospasm. Prolonged, vigorous over-breathing decreases plasma hydrogen ion concentration, leading to metabo...
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Step C for Cardiac Reserve in Stress Echocardiography
Quantitative measurements of end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume are not routinely employed in many laboratories since they are time-consuming and not so reproducible for image degradation during stre...
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Stress Echocardiography in Special Subsets of Electrocardiographically Defined Patients: Left Bundle Branch Block, Right Bundle Branch Block, and Atrial Fibrillation
Stress echocardiography is the recommended first-line cardiac stress imaging technique in electrocardiographically defined subsets, such as patients with left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block, an...
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Step E for EKG-Based Heart Rate Reserve in Stress Echocardiography
Cardiac autonomic unbalance is a major determinant of vulnerability to arrhythmias and a risk factor for sudden death. The clinical assessment with baroreflex sensitivity or heart rate variability remains comp...
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Stress Echocardiography in Dilated Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
Echocardiography is a key technique in dilated nonischemic cardiomyopathy since serial examinations are needed in these patients from the sub-clinical, early phase to the overt heart failure. The required info...
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Chapter
Step G for Gradients in Stress Echocardiography
The assessment of peak dynamic left ventricular or mean transvalvular obstructive gradient by Doppler echocardiography is essential in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease. Left ventricular o...
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Stress Echocardiography in Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus can provoke cardiac damage at four levels: coronary macrovascular disease, cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis causing systolic and diastolic dysfunction, coronary microvascular disease, ...
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Step P for Pulmonary Hemodynamics in Stress Echocardiography
The practice of exercise measurements of the pulmonary circulation during stress echo was not recommended by the 2022 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on pulmonary hypertension because of uncertainty ...
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Stress Echocardiography in Cancer Survivors After Chemo- and Radiotherapy
In cancer patients evaluated before starting anticancer therapy, a baseline transthoracic echocardiography is recommended since the technique is more informative when each patient acts as his/her control and a...
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Stress Echocardiography Post-COVID-19
Cardiovascular abnormalities are observed in half of all COVID-19 patients and may range from regional wall motion abnormality to interstitial lung disease with alveolar-capillary distress, global contractile ...
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Step R for Right Ventricular Function in Stress Echocardiography
There are several approaches to measure global right ventricular function: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion with M-mode, fractional area change with 2-dimensional echocardiography, ejection fraction ...
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The ABCDE-FGLPR Protocol for Stress Echocardiography Beyond Coronary Artery Disease
Stress echocardiography using the ABCDE protocol is a versatile approach for studying patients beyond coronary artery disease, but additional parameters are often needed to address all clinical questions. Foll...
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Chapter
Ergonovine Stress Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Vasospastic Angina
Coronary artery spasm is one of the major mechanisms causing dynamic stenosis of epicardial coronary arteries. Angina caused by coronary artery spasms has a wide clinical spectrum: One of its typical clinical ...
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Stress Echocardiography in Special Subsets of Angiographically Defined Patients: Normal Coronary Arteries, Single-Vessel Disease, Left Main, Chronic Total Occlusion, and Patients Undergoing Coronary Revascularization
Stress echo is useful in several angiographically defined subsets. In angiographically normal coronary arteries, 1 in 10 patients has inducible ischemia and a relatively higher risk. In the remaining 9 patient...
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Stress Echocardiography in Special Subsets of Clinically Defined Patients: Elderly, Women, Outpatients, Chest Pain Unit, and Noncardiac Surgery
Clinically defined conditions pose special challenges to stress echo. Pharmacological stress echo is the favorite method in the elderly for the frequent limitation to exercise. Stress echo is the first choice ...
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Step F for Mitral Regurgitant Flow in Stress Echocardiography
The mitral valve closure in systole requires the coordination of several functionally interdependent components: left ventricular cavity dimension, wall function, contraction synchrony, papillary muscles, chor...
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Stress Echocardiography in Hypertension
Stress echocardiography is the recommended first-line cardiac stress imaging technique in arterial hypertension which may alter each of the five steps of comprehensive echocardiography: coronary artery disease...
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Stress Echocardiography in Angina with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Angina with no obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) is highly prevalent in contemporary populations, shows a relatively higher risk for cardiac events compared to reference subjects, and its management is oft...
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Step L for Left Atrium Stress Echocardiography
Left atrial volume measured with biplane 2-dimensional echocardiography from an apical view is an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. It can be easily obtai...
