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  1. No Access

    Article

    “Logarithmic” kinetics in thin film tarnishing

    A brief review of oxidation theories indicates that no sound theory of general applicability exists for the direct logarithmic tarnishing kinetics attributed to many metals at low temperatures. Data previously.....

    D. J. Young, M. J. Dignam in Oxidation of Metals (1972)

  2. No Access

    Article

    Phase constitution of the Ni−Cr−S alloy system between 600° and 850°C

    The diffusion couple method and electron probe microanalysis have been used to determine the ternary isotherms of Ni−Cr−S at 600°, 700°, 800°, and 850°C for sulfur compositions lying below 60 at. pct. It has b...

    J. S. Kirkaldy, G-M. Bolze, D. McCutcheon, D. J. Young in Metallurgical Transactions (1973)

  3. No Access

    Article

    Kinetics of chlorination of metallic sodium at low temperatures

    Using ultra-high vacuum methods and a photometric technique, the kinetics of the chlorination of vacuum-deposited sodium films have been determined in the temperature range 228–298° K. The functional form of t...

    W. Y. Shiu, D. J. Young, M. J. Dignam in Oxidation of Metals (1973)

  4. No Access

    Article

    Sulfidation properties of nickel-20 wt.% molybdenum alloy in hydrogen-hydrogen sulfide atmospheres at 700°C

    The sulfidation kinetics and morphological development of the reaction products for a Ni-20wt.% Mo alloy exposed at 700° C to H2-H2S atm at sulfur pressures in the range 1×10−11 to 2×10−2 atm are reported. At Ps2

    D. J. Young, W. W. Smeltzer, J. S. Kirkaldy in Oxidation of Metals (1973)

  5. No Access

    Article

    The phototarnishing of silver and copper. Part II

    Tarnishing of silver and copper at room temperatures in the presence of CH3I, HI, CH3Br, and HBr is caused by absorption of ultraviolet light of appropriate frequency by the growing metal halide scale. No appreci...

    D. J. Young, P. T. McTigue in Oxidation of Metals (1975)

  6. No Access

    Article

    The effects of molybdenum additions to nickel-chromium alloys on their sulfidation properties

    The effect of molybdenum additions to γ-phase Ni-Cr on the reaction of the alloys with H2/H2S atmospheres at 700°C has been investigated. The effect is to reduce the rate of internal sulfidation of the alloys, di...

    D. J. Young, W. W. Smeltzer, J. S. Kirkaldy in Metallurgical Transactions A (1975)

  7. No Access

    Article

    Low-temperature oxidation of Fe-24 wt.%Cr

    Ferritic polycrystalline Fe-24 wt.% Cr was oxidized in pure oxygen at 190 ≤ T≤490° C and pressures in the range 5.3×10−2–13.3 Pa for periods of up to 5 hr. The reaction proceeded in three stages. An initial perio...

    D. J. Young, D. F. Mitchell in Oxidation of Metals (1979)

  8. No Access

    Article

    Carburization kinetics of heat-resistant steels

    A series of 21 commercial austenitic heat-resistant alloys was carburized in H2-C3H6 atmospheres which were reducing to Cr2O3 and SiO2 and which provided a carbon activity of one. Reactions were carried out at 90...

    G. M. Smith, D. J. Young, D. L. Trimm in Oxidation of Metals (1982)

  9. No Access

    Article

    Sulfidation behavior of austeno-ferritic steels

    Two austeno-ferritic stainless steels were sulfidized at temperatures of 783, 873, and 963 K under sulfur pressures in the range 4×10−12 to 3×10−5 atm. In all cases a triplex scale developed, consisting of an out...

    L. V. Mallia, D. J. Young in Oxidation of Metals (1984)

  10. No Access

    Article

    Effects of aluminum on the oxidation of 25Cr-35Ni cast steels

    The oxidation kinetics and morphological development during reaction of two cast austenitic steels at 1000°C in pure dry oxygen at 20 kPa are reported. Both steels contained approximately 25 wt.% Cr and 35 wt....

    N. Belen, P. Tomaszewicz, D. J. Young in Oxidation of Metals (1984)

  11. No Access

    Article

    Morphological studies of coking on heat-resistant alloys

    The deposition of coke from a propylene-hydrogen mixture on to a range of austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni base alloys has been studied. Morphological investigations reveal the formation of a chromium-rich carbide layer on...

    P. Tomaszewicz, P. R. S. Jackson, D. L. Trimm, D. J. Young in Journal of Materials Science (1985)

  12. No Access

    Article

    Sulfidation behavior of an aluminum-manganese steel

    An alloy steel containing 4.5 weight percent (w/o) manganese, 8.8 w/o aluminum, and 0.36 w/o carbon was sulfidized at temperatures of 973, 1073, and 1173 K in flowing H2/H2S gas mixtures corresponding to sulfur p...

    N. S. Quan, D. J. Young in Oxidation of Metals (1986)

  13. No Access

    Article

    The coking kinetics of heat resistant austenitic steels in hydrogen-propylene atmospheres

    The kinetics of coke formation on several commercial Fe-Ni-Cr alloys used in the construction of ethylene steam crackers, nickel and copper were investigated over the temperature range 450 to 1000‡ C in hydrog...

    P. R. S. Jackson, D. L. Trimm, D. J. Young in Journal of Materials Science (1986)

  14. No Access

    Article

    Coke deposition on and removal from metals and heat-resistant alloys under steam-cracking conditions

    The kinetics of coke formation and its removal from nickel, copper and alloys have been studied and the results correlated with the morphology of the deposits. Coke deposition from hydrogen-propylene-steam was...

    P. R. S. Jackson, D. J. Young, D. L. Trimm in Journal of Materials Science (1986)

  15. No Access

    Article

    Effect of scale constitution on the carburization of heat resistant steels

    Several austenitic heat-resistant steels were exposed to alternating periods of carburization at 1273 K [a c= 1,po2<10−28 atm] and oxidation at 973°K [a c≈ O,po2 = 0.2 atm]. In all cases the depth of internal car...

    S. P. Kinniard, D. J. Young, D. L. Trimm in Oxidation of Metals (1986)

  16. No Access

    Article

    Morphological development of oxide-sulfide scales on iron and iron-manganese alloys

    Pure iron and alloys containing 2, 15, 25, and 50 wt. % manganese have been reacted at 1073 K in controlled gas atmospheres of SO 2-CO 2-CO-N 2.Equilibrium gas compositions were such that (1) FeS was stable but ...

    G. McAdam, D. J. Young in Oxidation of Metals (1987)

  17. No Access

    Article

    Thermodynamics of ionic diffusion and oxidation rate equations

    Diffusional flux equations for individual lattice species and defects are related to phenomenological mass-transport equations using the concept of relative building units. These units conserve sites and charg...

    D. J. Young, F. Gesmundo in Oxidation of Metals (1988)

  18. No Access

    Article

    Selective leaching of NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 intermetallics to form Raney nickels

    Annealed single-phase NiAl3 and Ni2Al3 materials were leached with 20wt% aqueous NaOH solution to remove the aluminium. At temperatures of 274 to 323 K, NiAl3 leached according to linear kinetics, yielding porous...

    M. L. Bakker, D. J. Young, M. S. Wainwright in Journal of Materials Science (1988)

  19. No Access

    Article

    Parabolic growth of solid-solution scales: Effect of deviations from stoichiometry

    The effect of deviations from the stoichiometric composition of solid-solution oxides formed during the oxidation of a binary alloy is considered by taking into account its influence on the activities of the o.....

    D. J. Young, F. Viani, F. Gesmundo in Oxidation of Metals (1988)

  20. No Access

    Article

    Morphological evolution during sulfidation of an iron-nickel alloy

    An Fe-41 wt.% Ni alloy was reacted at 793, 888, and 938K with H2-H2S-N2 mixtures corresponding to equilibrium \(p_{S_2 } \) ...

    J. P. Orchard, D. J. Young in Oxidation of Metals (1989)

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