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Open AccessObligate mutualistic cooperation limits evolvability
Cooperative mutualisms are widespread and play fundamental roles in many ecosystems. Given that these interactions are often obligate, the Darwinian fitness of the participating individuals is not only determi...
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Journal Club
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Open AccessThe evolutionary emergence of stochastic phenotype switching in bacteria
Stochastic phenotype switching – or bet hedging – is a pervasive feature of living systems and common in bacteria that experience fluctuating (unpredictable) environmental conditions. Under such conditions, th...
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Open AccessTesting the optimal defence hypothesis for two indirect defences: extrafloral nectar and volatile organic compounds
Many plants respond to herbivory with an increased production of extrafloral nectar (EFN) and/or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to attract predatory arthropods as an indirect defensive strategy. In this stu...
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Open AccessThe Defensive Role of Volatile Emission and Extrafloral Nectar Secretion for Lima Bean in Nature
Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) features two indirect anti-herbivore defenses—emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN)—which are both inducible upon herbivore damage. ...