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Article
Open AccessThe ion channel TRPA1 is a modulator of the cocaine reward circuit in the nucleus accumbens
Drug addiction therapies commonly fail because continued drug use promotes the release of excessive and pleasurable dopamine levels. Because the connection between pleasure and drug use becomes hard-wired in t...
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Article
PBPK modeling to predict the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine and its active metabolite in different CYP2D6 genotypes and drug–drug interactions with clarithromycin and paroxetine
Venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Venlaf...
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Article
The novel psychoactive substance 25E-NBOMe induces reward-related behaviors via dopamine D1 receptor signaling in male rodents
Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are new psychotropic drugs designed to evade substance regulatory policies. 25E-NBOMe (2-(4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine) has recently been iden...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of pitavastatin in relation to SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphism
Pitavastatin, a potent 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. Hepatic uptake of pitavastatin is predominantly occ...
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Article
PBPK modeling to predict the pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole in different CYP2C19 genotypes
Pantoprazole is used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), maintain healing of erosive esophagitis (EE), and control symptoms related to Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES). Pantoprazole is mainly meta...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to predict the pharmacokinetics of irbesartan in different CYP2C9 genotypes
Irbesartan, a potent and selective angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB), is one of the representative medications for the treatment of hypertension. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 is primarily involved i...
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Article
Effects of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and cigarette smoking on the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone
Tolperisone, a muscle relaxant used for post-stroke spasticity, is metabolized to its main metabolite by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent by CYP2C19 and CYP1A2. We investigated the effects of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 gene...
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Article
Effects of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide in healthy subjects
Gliclazide metabolism is mediated by genetically polymorphic CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 enzymes. We investigated the effects of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gli...
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Article
Effects of CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone in healthy subjects
Tolperisone hydrochloride is a centrally-acting muscle relaxant used for relieving spasticities of neurological origin and muscle spasms associated with painful locomotor diseases. It is metabolized to the ina...
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Article
Mepirapim, a novel synthetic cannabinoid, induces Parkinson’s disease-related behaviors by causing maladaptation of the dopamine system in the brain
Mepirapim is a novel synthetic cannabinoid that first appeared on the illicit drug market in 2013. In recent years, recreational abuse of Mepirapim has caused serious emergencies, posing a threat to public hea...
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Article
Effects of CYP2D6*10 allele on the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone
Tolperisone, a muscle relaxant used for post-stroke spasticity, has been reported to have a very wide interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. It is metabolized mainly by CYP2D6 and, to a lesser extent, by...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of flurbiprofen in different CYP2C9 genotypes
The aim of this study was to establish the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of flurbiprofen related to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism and describe the pharmacokinetics of flurbiprofen in different
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to predict the pharmacokinetics of metoprolol in different CYP2D6 genotypes
Metoprolol, a selective β1-adrenoreceptor blocking agent used in the treatment of hypertension, angina, and heart failure, is primarily metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme, which catalyzes α-hydroxylation and O-desm...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of piroxicam with regard to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism
Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism significantly influences the pharmacokinetics of piroxicam. T...
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Article
Effects of CYP2C9*3 and *13 alleles on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glipizide in healthy Korean subjects
Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic drug. It is principally metabolized to inactive metabolites by genetically polymorphic CYP2C9 enzyme. In this study, we investigated the effects of CYP2C...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of candesartan related to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism in adult and pediatric patients
Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin II receptor blocker and it is widely used to treat hypertension and heart failure. This drug is a prodrug that rapidly converts to candesartan after oral administration....
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of meloxicam in different CYP2C9 genotypes
Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and CYP3A4 are major and minor enzymes involved in the metabol...
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling of tamsulosin related to CYP2D6*10 allele
Tamsulosin, a selective \({\upalpha }_{1}\) α 1
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Article
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for prediction of celecoxib pharmacokinetics according to CYP2C9 genetic polymorphism
Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a representative selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, which is commonly prescribed for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing sp...
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Article
Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity as a model of Parkinson’s disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence, approximately 1 % in the elderly population. Numerous studies have demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) intoxicatio...
