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15 Result(s)
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Chi-yuen Wang
Hydrogeology
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Chapter
Introduction
“ … The waters that seem to have been cut off on the land of all communion with the sea, the springs, the lakes, were in extraordinary agitation in many distant lands at the same time.
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Chapter
Geysers
Geysers, springs that intermittently erupt boiling water, appear to be especially sensitive to earthquakes. As they are a surface manifestation of geothermal systems, their response to earthquakes provides a w...
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Chapter
Epilogue
We identify some common threads and trends in the observations of hydrological responses to earthquakes. We suggest that seismic energy density is a useful metric for interpreting observations and relating dif...
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Chapter
Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
We summarize the basic principles that couple rock deformation and fluid flow. Topics covered include linear poroelasticity, consolidation, liquefaction, rock friction, and frictional instability. Together, th...
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Chapter
Response to Tides, Barometric Pressure and Seismic Waves
Groundwater responses to Earth tides and barometric pressure have long been reported and increasingly used in hydrogeology to advance our understanding of groundwater systems. The response of groundwater to se...
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Chapter
Stream Flow
Changes in stream discharge after earthquakes are among the most interesting hydrologic responses because they are visible at Earth’s surface and can be dramatic. Here we focus on changes that persist for exte...
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Chapter
Groundwater and Stream Composition
Changes of groundwater chemistry have long been observed. We review some studies of the earthquake-induced changes of groundwater and streamflow composition. When data are relatively abundant and the hydrogeol...
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Chapter
Mud Volcanoes
The eruption of mud and magma can be influenced by earthquakes and reports date back more than 2000 years. Dozens of examples of eruptions have now been documented in response to both static and dynamic stress...
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Chapter
Groundwater Flow and Transport
We summarize the basic principles of, and governing equations for, groundwater flow and transport. Topics covered include the concepts of pressure and hydraulic head, Darcy’s law, permeability, and storage. We...
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Chapter
Earthquakes Influenced by Water
Injecting fluids in the crust, or their extraction, changes pore pressure and poroelastic stresses. Both pressure and stress changes can promote seismicity and, hence, the seismic events are called induced ear...
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Chapter
Groundwater Level
Groundwater level has long been known to respond to earthquakes; several types of response have been documented. Advances in the last decade were made largely through the studies of water-level response to Ear...
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Chapter
Groundwater Temperature
Changes of temperature in response to earthquakes have long been documented and, in the case where systematic patterns of change can be discerned, may reveal important hydrogeologic processes. Progress in our ...
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Chapter
Liquefaction
Liquefaction of the ground during earthquakes has long been documented and has drawn much attention from earthquake engineers because of its devastation to engineered structures. In this chapter we review a fe...
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Chapter
Hydrologic Precursors
Predicting earthquakes is a long-desired goal. The main challenge is to identify precursory signals that reliably predict the impending earthquake. Since hydrological and hydrogeochemical properties and proces...
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