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Mutagenicity Evaluation of Nanoparticles by the Ames Assay
The Ames assay is a classic and robust method for identifying and evaluating chemical mutagens that reverse the mutations of Salmonella typhimurium...
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Analyses of Epigenetic Modification in Environmental Pollutants-Induced Neurotoxicity
Epigenetics is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in biology, which plays important roles in environmental pollutant-induced neurotoxicity....
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Microplastics: A Review of Methodology for Sampling and Characterizing Environmental and Biological Samples
In response to apparent damaging effects of plastics, especially microplastics, exposure to life, scientists have begun the arduous task of...
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Quantitative Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
Despite the fact that pesticides help increase food production, widespread application of pesticides has resulted in negative impact in the...
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Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Multiresidue Pesticides in Food and Water Samples
Pesticides has become an essential part of our life and have entered and bioaccumulated in water, air, soil ecosystem, and food. However, the...
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In Ovo Early-in-Life Inhalation Exposure to Gas/Aerosol with a Chicken Embryo Model
To assess the toxicities of gas/aerosol, inhalation exposure model is necessary. Especially important is the inhalation exposure early in life....
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Methods to Assay the Behavior of Drosophila melanogaster for Toxicity Study
Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, has been widely used in biological investigation as an invertebrate alternative to mammals for its various...
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Flow Cytofluorometric Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms of Premature Red Blood Cell Death
This chapter describes, in detail, the operational principles and experimental design to analyze the premature death of human red blood cells (RBCs;...
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High-Throughput Measurement for Toxic Effects of Metal Mixtures in Caenorhabditis elegans
The contamination of heavy metals, a class of naturally occurring and persistent toxicants, has become a major public health concern due to...
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Determination of the N-Nitroso Compounds in Mouse Following RDX Exposure
Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, commonly called RDX, is an important explosive, which is widely used in military and civic activities. As it...
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DNA Damage in Liver Cells of the Tilapia Fish Oreochromis mossambicus Larva Induced by the Insecticide Cyantraniliprole at Sublethal Doses During Chronic Exposure
Cyantraniliprole can effectively control lepidopteran pests and has been used all over the world. In general, the risk of cyantraniliprole seems low...
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The Application of Omics Technologies in the Research of Neurotoxicology
Omics technologies offer unprecedented perspectives for the systematic research of complex organisms. Especially, the comprehensive omics provide...
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Detection of Cadmium Toxicity in Plant
Cadmium (Cd) is widespread in the soil, water, and atmosphere, so Cd toxicity to human can happen by breathing in air, drinking water, and eating...
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Detection of Caenorhabditis elegans Germ Cell Apoptosis Following Exposure to Environmental Contaminant Mixtures: A Crude Oil-Dispersant Mixture Example
Crude oil disasters, such as the Deepwater Horizon accident, have caused severe environmental contamination and damage, affecting the health of...
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Comprehensive Phytotoxicity Assessment Protocol for Engineered Nanomaterials
In order for nanotechnology to be sustainably applied in agriculture, emphasis should be on comprehensive assessment of multiple endpoints, including...
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Employing Multiple New Neurobiological Methods to Investigate Environmental Neurotoxicology in Mice
The emergence of advanced and powerful neuroscientific technologies has greatly pushed forward the development of neurobiology in the last decade....
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Identification of Stable Reference Genes for Toxicogenomic and Gene Expression Analysis
Gene expression analysis has been becoming a popular method for studying gene function and response to different environmental stresses, including...
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Investigating the Joint Effects of Pesticides and Ultraviolet B Radiation in Xenopus laevis and Other Amphibians
Exposure to multiple stressors often results in higher toxicity than one stressor alone. Examining joint effects of multiple stressors could provide...
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Practical Methods and Technologies in Environmental Epidemiology
Environmental epidemiology is a science that applies traditional epidemiology methods and combines the characteristics of the relationship between...
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Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR: An Effective Method to Explore the Regulation of Gene Transcription Level Affected by Environmental Pollutants
Semi-quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (sqRT-PCR) is a simple and specific method for quantitative RNA in recent...