69 Result(s)
-
Protocol
Saliva Diagnosis Using Small Extracellular Vesicles and Salivaomics
Saliva is a complex oral biofluid composed of various biological molecules secreted by major and minor salivary glands, as well as by-products of host oral cells, oral bacteria, small extracellular vesicles (s...
-
Protocol
An In Vitro System to Model the Establishment and Reactivation of HIV-1 Latency in Primary Human CD4+ T Cells
HIV-1 establishes latency primarily by infecting activated CD4+ T cells that later return to quiescence as memory cells. Latency allows HIV-1 to evade immune responses and to persist during antiretroviral ther...
-
Protocol
BBB-on-a-Chip: Modeling Functional Human Blood-Brain Barrier by Mimicking 3D Brain Angiogenesis Using Microfluidic Chip
Organ-on-a-chip enables human cell-based 3D tissue culture, which recapitulates the physiological structure and function of the tissue. In terms of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) modeling, the 3D structure of t...
-
Protocol
Generation and Characterization of Inducible Lung and Skin-Specific IL-22 Transgenic Mice
IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that is increased in asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of allergic lung inflammation and AD in vivo has yet to be eluc...
-
Protocol
CRISPR Ty** of Salmonella Isolates from Different Resources
CRISPR ty** is a newly developed method used to reveal the genetic relationship of bacterial isolates from different resources. For Salmonella, CRISPR ty** can not only reveal the phylogenic difference among ...
-
Protocol
Application of a cybLuc Aminoluciferin for Deep Tissue Bioluminescence Imaging in Rodent Models
Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) technology has been extensively applied due to various advantages such as noninvasiveness, high sensitivity and selectivity, excellent biocompatibility and real-time visualization ...
-
Protocol
Quantification of Viable but Non-Culturable Cells of Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila, among other bacteria, may enter a viable but non-culturable state as a means for survival in stressful conditions. Bacterial cells in the viable but non-culturable state cannot grow on sta...
-
Protocol
Global Metabolic Analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii is rapidly emerging as a multidrug-resistant pathogen responsible for nosocomial infections including pneumonia, bacteremia, wound infections, urinary tract infections, and meningitis. Met...
-
Protocol
Measuring Borrelia burgdorferi Motility and Chemotaxis
Swimming plate, cell motion tracking, and capillary tube assays are very useful tools to quantitatively measure bacterial motility and chemotaxis. These methods were modified and applied to study Borrelia burgdor...
-
Protocol
Trace Element Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry
Transition metal ions play important structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles in all biological systems by serving as cofactors for proteins. Due to their relatively low levels in the cell compared to abund...
-
Protocol
Imaging of Inflammatory Responses in the Mouse Ear Skin
The skin is one of the most physiologically important organs where the organism comes into contact with the external environment and is often a site where pathogen entry first occurs. Thus, a better understand...
-
Protocol
NTCP-Reconstituted In Vitro HBV Infection System
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as a functional receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Expressing human NTCP in human hepatoma HepG2 cells (HepG2-NTCP) renders these ce...
-
Protocol
A Homokaryon Assay for Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Activity of HBV Core Protein
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) can be present in both nucleus and cytoplasm. The arginine-rich domain (ARD) at the cytoplasmic tail of HBc contains both a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nucl...
-
Protocol
Generation of Replication-Competent Hepatitis B Virus Genome from Blood Samples for Functional Characterization
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be associated with a spectrum of clinical outcomes. Transient transfection of the clinical HBV isolates in human hepatoma cell lines can establish their biological propert...
-
Protocol
Deep Sequencing of the Hepatitis B Virus Genome: Analysis of Multiple Samples by Implementation of the Illumina Platform
The quasispecies variation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was believed to be a viral response to antiviral treatment and host immune pressure. Sanger sequencing was previously the classic approach for quasispecies...
-
Protocol
Hydrodynamic HBV Transfection Mouse Model
Hydrodynamic HBV transfection mouse model is an established method of the last decade where macromolecules, non-normally permeable to cell membrane, are delivered intracellular. The basic principle is that a l...
-
Protocol
Studying HBV Infection and Therapy in Immune-Deficient NOD-Rag1−/−IL2RgammaC-null (NRG) Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase (Fah) Knockout Mice Transplanted with Human Hepatocytes
Chimeric mouse models with a humanized liver provide a unique tool to study hepatic virus diseases, including viral infection, viral pathogenesis, and antiviral therapy. Here we describe a detailed protocol fo...
-
Protocol
FRET Imaging of Enzymatic Activities Using Smart Probes
Tumor-related enzymes are extensively involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of tumors, indicating they hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and treatment. S...
-
Protocol
Immunoproteomic Approach for Screening Vaccine Candidates from Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are unique to Gram-negative bacteria and have been revealed as potential vaccine candidates for conferring protection against infections in recent years. Immunoproteomics is a po...
-
Protocol
A Reverse Genetics Approach for the Design of Methyltransferase-Defective Live Attenuated Avian Metapneumovirus Vaccines
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. aMPV be...
