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  1. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Protective effect of the V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 on brain edema formation following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

    There exists no pharmacological treatment for fulminating brain edema. Since evidence indicates that brain aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels are modulated by vasopressin V1a receptors, we examined the edema-re...

    A. Kleindienst, G. Fazzina, J. G. Dunbar, R. Glisson, A. Marmarou in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  2. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Bolus tracer delivery measured by MRI confirms edema without blood-brain barrier permeability in diffuse traumatic brain injury

    Previous studies have shown that edema formation after diffuse traumatic brain injury (TBI) with secondary insult is cytotoxic and not vasogenic. This assumption is based on observations of reduced apparent di...

    A. Beaumont, P. Fatouros, T. Gennarelli, F. Corwin, A. Marmarou in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  3. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Modulation of AQP4 expression by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate, decreases ischemia-induced brain edema

    The protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), is known to interact with aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a waterselective transporting protein abundant in astrocytes and ependymal cells, that has b...

    A. Kleindienst, G. Fazzina, A. M. Amorini, J. G. Dunbar, R. Glisson… in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  4. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Traumatic brain edema in diffuse and focal injury: cellular or vasogenic?

    The objective of this study was to confirm the nature of the edema, cellular or vasogenic, in traumatic brain injury in head-injured patients using magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion-weighted ima...

    A. Marmarou, S. Signoretti, G. Aygok, P. Fatouros, G. Portella in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  5. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Brain tissue water content in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

    Relatively little is known regarding the water content of brain tissue in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients. The objective of our study was to determine absolute water content non-invasiv...

    G. Aygok, A. Marmarou, P. Fatouros, H. Young in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  6. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on blood-brain barrier integrity following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat

    Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used as a solvent for other drugs, i.e., for the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and the V1a receptor-antagonist SR49059, to reduce brain ed...

    A. Kleindienst, J. G. Dunbar, R. Glisson, K. Okuno, A. Marmarou in Brain Edema XIII (2006)

  7. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Contribution of raised ICP and hypotension to CPP reduction in severe brain injury: correlation to outcome

    The aim of this study was to determine to what degree hypotension and ICP contribute to the reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), particularly in light of the shift in emphasis to CPP management by t...

    A. Marmarou, A. Saad, G. Aygok… in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring XII (2005)

  8. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Mitochondrial injury measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in severe head trauma patients

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of mitochondrial injury by assessing N-Acetyl-Aspartate by MR spectroscopy in head injured patients and relating the extent of mitochondrial injury to outcome. ...

    A. Marmarou, S. Signoretti, P. Fatouros… in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring… (2005)

  9. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Guidelines for management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: progress to date

    The aim of this project was to develop evidenced based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). An advisory panel consisting of the authors assisted by in...

    A. Marmarou, P. Black, M. Bergsneider… in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring… (2005)

  10. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Mortality from traumatic brain injury

    It is the general sense that mortality has been decreasing in recent years compared to earlier studies described by the NIH traumatic coma data bank. We studied mortality during the period of 1984 to 1996 to d...

    J. Lu, A. Marmarou, S. Choi, A. Maas… in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring… (2005)

  11. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    The importance of translational research in brain injury

    Progress in the understanding of the pathophysiologic process and management of brain injury provides a unique challenge to the young investigator. Currently, there are teams both in the laboratory and clinica...

    A. Marmarou in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring XII (2005)

  12. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Three-year outcome of shunted idiopathic NPH patients

    The incidence of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) has increased as a result of improved longevity. This report describes the 3-year outcome of shunted iNPH patients compared to three-month outco...

    G. Aygok, A. Marmarou, H. F. Young in Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring XII (2005)

  13. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Clinical trials in traumatic brain injury: current problems and future solutions

    Over the past decade many neuroprotective agents have been developed with the hope of being able to improve outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury. Unfortunately, none of the phase III trials performe...

    Dr. A. I. R. Maas, A. Marmarou, G. D. Murray… in Mechanisms of Secondary Brain Damage from … (2004)

  14. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Comparison of NAA Measures by MRS and HPLC

    This work investigates the accuracy of an in vivo estimation of absolute N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) concentrations by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using cerebral water as an internal reference standard....

    P. P. Fatouros Ph.D., D. L. Heath, A. Beaumont, F. D. Corwin… in Brain Edema XI (2000)

  15. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Biphasic Pathophysiological Response of Vasogenic and Cellular Edema in Traumatic Brain Swelling

    The objective of this study was to quantify the temporal water content changes and document the type of edema (cellular versus vasogenic) that is occurring during both the acute and the late stages of edema de...

    P. Barzó, A. Marmarou, P. Fatouros, K. Hayasaki, F. Corwin in Brain Edema X (1997)

  16. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial of Tromethamine (THAM) and its Effect Upon Outcome in Severe Head Injury

    Tromethamine (THAM) has experimentally proved more effective than bicarbonate in resolving cerebral and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) acidosis [5], which can irreversibly damage otherwise potentially viable brai...

    A. L. Wolf, L. Levi, A. Marmarou, J. D. Ward, D. Rigamonti… in Intracranial Pressure VIII (1993)

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    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Neurophysiological Evidence of Preservation of Brain Stem Function in Experimental Closed Head Injury in the Rat

    The use of animal models of head injury have contributed substantially to the understanding of the pathophysiology, neuropathology, and underlying mechanisms of traumatic brain injury. Despite this progress, a...

    W. A. van den Brink, W. Slomka, A. Marmarou, C. J. J. Avezaat in Intracranial Pressure VIII (1993)

  18. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Effect of Posttraumatic Hypoventilation

    Respiratory depression and resulting posttraumatic apnea are consistent observations in both clinical and experimental brain injury. Several reports clearly identify the deleterious consequence of hypoxia upon...

    K. Shima, A. Marmarou in Intracranial Pressure VIII (1993)

  19. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    The Metabolic Protection of Hypoxia by Etomidate Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

    Prolonged hypoxia leads to increase of the rate of anaerobic glycolysis and hence the accumulation of lactate. There is a progressive fall in intracellular pH of brain and energy disturbances. The objective of...

    K. Yoshida, A. Marmarou, M. Furuse in Intracranial Pressure VIII (1993)

  20. No Access

    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Transporting and Monitoring the Head-Injured Patient

    Patients with severe brain injury may be at risk during intrahospital transport to imaging facilities [1]. Specialized studies such as stable xenon measurements of cerebral blood flow by computerized tomograph...

    D. Deyo, P. Brockenbrough, R. Briggs, P. Fatouros… in Intracranial Pressure VIII (1993)

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