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Natural and Artificial Radioactivity in the Rhine and Its Tributaries
Presently, natural and artificial radioactivity in the Rhine River does not present a radiological hazard to the population. On the contrary, the... -
Brominated Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes
Brominated flame retardants in the Great Lakes have not been as well studied as many of the polychlorinated pollutants, especially PCBs, but in the... -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Great Lakes
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic material. They can also be produced through... -
Early Warning Strategies and Practices Along the River Rhine
In 1986, the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) installed a Warning and Alarm Plan (WAP) in order to avert the dangers... -
Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends
Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of... -
Pharmaceuticals in the River Rhine
Pharmaceuticals are introduced into the River Rhine mainly via wastewater and can be detected almost permanently in mixed samples taken over the... -
Worldwide Occurrence of Organotins from Antifouling Paints and Effects in the Aquatic Environment
Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far. Widespread contamination of harbors and areas with high ship**... -
Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments
Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in... -
Pollutants as Byproducts and Degradation Products of Chemical Syntheses
Byproducts of industrial organic syntheses are emitted with the wastewater into the River Rhine; in many cases they are polar and poorly... -
New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices
Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for... -
Water Quality of Lake Constance
Lake Constance is used as a drinking water reservoir for about 5 million people. Because of its glacial origin from the Alps, the amount of... -
Hydrology
The River Rhine is one of the major rivers of Europe -#8211; the only river that connects the Alps with the North Sea. It flows 1320 km from two... -
Pesticides in the Great Lakes
Pesticides have been widely and heavily used in agriculture in the Great Lakes Basin (approximately 93000 tons were used in 1995 alone). Herbicides... -
Degradation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
Organic matter that is deposited in aquatic sediments is subject to an intense diagenetic reactor that determines how much organic carbon is... -
Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of... -
Assessment of Organic Compounds in the Rhine Estuary
Over the past centuries the Rhine estuary has changed from a natural, hardly disturbed estuary into an anthropogenetically influenced area that... -
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Great Lakes
This chapter reviews the scientific understanding of the concentrations, trends, and cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Great... -
Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards
Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of... -
Lithium-Normalized Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Sediments as Measures of Trace Metal Enrichment due to Salmon Aquaculture
The results of metal analyses carried out on surficial sediment samples collected in the coastal waters of southwest New Brunswick and the... -
The Suitability of Electrode Measurements for Assessment of Benthic Organic Impact and Their use in a Management System for Marine Fish Farms
A management system for marine fish farms in Norway has recommended the use of simple electrode measurements of redox potentials (E...