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Non-Neoplastic and Indeterminate Thyroid Lesions
Non-neoplastic thyroid lesions include nodules with nondiagnostic cytology and those with benign cytology. In approximately 15% of cases, fine-needle...
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Cervical Lymphadenectomy in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) spreads preferentially to lymph nodes. When central or lateral cervical lymph node basins are macroscopically affected...
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Post-Surgical Complications and Care
Postoperative complications can be divided into immediate complications during the termination of the anesthesia and the first 3 h thereafter...
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Principle Surgical Technique
Genioplasty can be performed so that the chin can be relocated as a whole or divided. The inclination of the osteotomy line can be adjusted to the...
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Definition of Standard Procedures
The surgical standard interventions are differentiated between procedures in the region of the mandibular angle and ascending ramus—concerning the...
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Indications for Mandibular Setback
The word prognathism—class III dysgnathia, mandibular prognathism, class III malocclusion—is derived from Greek πρό (pro, “forward”) and γνάθος...
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Controversy
The controversial topic of the association between malocclusion and TMD has been extensively discussed in the literature, often with contradictory...
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Lateral Mandibular Step Osteotomy/Ostectomy, Posterior Subapical Osteotomy and Anterior Body Osteotomy
The principle of the lateral mandibular body step osteotomy/ostectomy and the anterior vertical body osteotomy are variants of anterior segment...
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Tricks and Typical Mistakes
Segment osteotomies can present challenges to even the most experienced surgeon because the surgical margin of maneuver is limited. Tips and tricks...
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General Rules in Sagittal Splitting – Five Steps
The operation for sagittal splitting of the mandible is composed of a logical sequence of surgical steps that must be consistently followed during...
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Diagnosis in Mandibular Asymmetries, Vertical and Horizontal Rotation
The following elements must be considered when assessing hemi- or bilateral mandibular asymmetry morphologically:...
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Retromolar Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis RMDO
Lengthening the human mandible by distraction osteogenesis (DOG) has become an accepted treatment alternative in selected cases to correct mandibular...
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Types of Osteotomies in the Mandible
Corrections of the bite position in skeletal malformations or esthetic corrections with the aid of the skeleton can only be achieved by osteotomies...
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Preoperative Planning and Preparation for Surgery in Segmental Mandibular Osteotomies
The surgical preparations require the same care as for other orthognathic procedures. Particular attention must be paid to the subapical bone supply...
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Sagittal Split and Mandibular Setback
Surgical treatment of class III malocclusion in most cases involves mandibular setback. After bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), mandibular...
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Mandibular Excess – Modifications and Surgical Alternatives
Alternatives to BSSO are osteotomies in the region of the ascending mandibular branch. The intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) and the inverted...
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BSSO Relevant Clinical and Topographic Anatomy (Studies and Variations)
Detailed knowledge of topographic conditions is required for all surgical procedures. Measurements and landmarks help to make the preoperative...
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Diagnosis and Classification
In order to diagnose and characterize TMD, many indexes have been devised as standardized tools for clinical applications; one of the earliest was...
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Vertical Ramus Osteotomy and Mandibular Setback
Vertical splitting of the ascending mandibular branch is an old procedure. This technique is suitable when the mandible is to be repositioned,...
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Behandlung von Patienten mit Brennen-im-Mund-Syndrom
Das Brennen-im-Mund-Syndrom wird als orales Brennen oder eine Dysästhesie-Empfindung definiert, ohne dass klinisch oder laborchemisch nachweisbare...