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Introduction
The Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed basin on the planet, is distinguished by special natural conditions, contains rich natural resources...
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Pollution of the Caspian Sea
The pollution of Caspian Sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of long-term monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. It was shown...
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Introduced Species
Five species of diatom algae, ten species of epiphyte-fouling algae, seven species of plankton invertebrates, 21 benthic organisms and three...
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Brominated Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes
Brominated flame retardants in the Great Lakes have not been as well studied as many of the polychlorinated pollutants, especially PCBs, but in the...
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Great Lakes
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic material. They can also be produced through...
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Economic and International Legal Dimensions
The Caspian Region has abundant hydrocarbon resources (oil and gas), as well as biological resources (fish), particularly the unique sturgeon,...
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Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is a large lagoon east of the Caspian Sea and normally covers an area around 18000 km2 and is only a few meters deep. It is...
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Conclusions
This conclusion completes one more review concerning the natural condition of the Caspian Sea and the principal trends of change in the second...
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Natural Chemistry of Caspian Sea Waters
Principal features of the natural chemistry of Caspian Sea waters are assessed: the salt(ionic) composition, dissolved oxygen, active reaction...
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Pesticides in the Great Lakes
Pesticides have been widely and heavily used in agriculture in the Great Lakes Basin (approximately 93000 tons were used in 1995 alone). Herbicides...
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Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea
The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and...
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Great Lakes
This chapter reviews the scientific understanding of the concentrations, trends, and cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Great...
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Reactions Induced in Natural Waters by Irradiation of Nitrate and Nitrite Ions
This review describes the reaction mechanisms of nitrate and nitrite ions, which play a role in the photochemical processes occurring in natural...
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The Applications of Photocatalytic Waste Minimisation in Nuclear Fuel Processing
Nuclear fuel processing has two main waste management requirements: (1) the disposal of waste organic solvent (secondary waste) generated by...
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Thermohaline Structure and General Circulation of the Caspian Sea Waters
The results of statistical and physical analysis of historical ship (more then 56 000 stations) and coastal temperature data and salinity...
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Biological Features and Resources
The Caspian Sea is of enormous importance, because of its extremely valuable fish resources. Thousands of tons of kilka, roach, bream, herring,...
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Environmental Issues of the Caspian
Environmental problems in the Caspian and its coastal zone shaped, and reflect the consequences of, the historical and economic development of the...
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes: An Overview
This chapter presents background information on the Great Lakes and summarizes the content of each chapter of this book.
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Patterns of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Remotely Sensed Chlorophyll
Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll dynamics in the Caspian Sea remotely sensed by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor...
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Mechanisms of Direct Photolysis of Biocides Based on Halogenated Phenols and Anilines
The halogenated phenols and anilines are the parent chromophores of a number of widely used pesticides, among them phenoxyacetic acid and...