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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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Post-traumatic Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of acquired epilepsy that arises from traumatic brain injury (TBI). It presents a complex relationship with...
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Identification of Host Factors of Paramyxoviruses by siRNA Genome-Wide Screens
Measles is a highly infectious disease that continues to spread mainly in develo** countries, often resulting in child mortality. Despite the...
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Culturing Immortalized Human Airway Epithelial Cells at an Air-Liquid Interface for Measles Virus Infection
Measles virus (MeV) infection of airway surface epithelial cells provides a site for final amplification before being released back into the...
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Proximity Ligation Assay to Detect the Proximity Between Host Proteins and Viral Proteins of HIV-1
The study of host-pathogen interaction often requires interrogating the protein-protein interactions and examining post-translational modifications...
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Molecular Analysis of Copy-Back Defective Interfering RNAs of Morbilliviruses
Copy-back defective interfering RNAs are major contaminants of viral stock preparations of morbilliviruses and other negative strand RNA viruses....
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Generation of Anti-HIV CAR-T Cells for Preclinical Research
The inability of people living with HIV (PLWH) to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is due in part to the inadequate...
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Design and Execution of In Vitro Polymerase Assays for Measles Virus and Related Mononegaviruses
Morbilliviruses such as measles virus (MeV) are responsible for major morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of an effective...
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Single-Virion Analysis: A Method to Visualize HIV-1 Particle Content Using Fluorescence Microscopy
HIV-1 virions incorporate viral RNA, cellular RNAs, and proteins during the assembly process. Some of these components, such as the viral RNA genome...
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Measles IgG Avidity Assay
Measles IgG avidity assays determine the overall strength of molecular binding between measles-specific IgG antibodies and measles virus antigens....
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Histopathological Analysis of Brains from Dogs Infected with Canine Distemper Virus
We describe the use of conventional histology and immunohistochemistry against canine distemper virus (CDV) to examine the brains of domestic dogs...
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Immune Homeostasis Maintenance Through Advanced Immune Therapeutics to Target Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) with enormous health and societal tolls. Traditional drug development...
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Modulation and Determination of the Status of Inflammasomes in Leishmania-Infected Macrophages
Leishmania, an intra-macrophage kinetoplastid parasite, modulates a vast array of defensive mechanisms of the host macrophages to create a...
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A Robust In Vitro Culture Model and Generation of Memory Monocytes
Innate monocytes can be trained or reprogrammed to adopt distinct memory states, such as low-grade inflammation and immune exhaustion, bearing...
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A Robust In Vitro Co-culture Model for Studying the Intercellular Communication of Neutrophils
Communication among neutrophils plays critical roles during various phases of inflammatory responses, with clinical relevance to both acute and...
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Studying Monocyte-Myofibroblast Immunomodulation in a 3D Co-culture System
Simple and reproducible 3D cell culture systems that mimic biological interactions within physiological tissues (biomimetics) can provide unique...
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Endothelial Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) Isolation by Percoll Step Gradients
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are regions where the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interacts with mitochondria and regulate lipid trafficking,...
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Three-Dimensional Imaging of Macrophages in Complete Organs
The introduction of the light-sheet microscope has facilitated the analysis of complete tissues for the presence of all cells and their location in...
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Studying Autophagy in Microglia: Overcoming the Obstacles
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the main techniques and experimental approaches that can be used to analyze autophagy flux in microglia,...