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Aging and mitochondrial dysfunction in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, mitochondria play a paramount role in life span control and aging. During aging, these organelles...
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The human Werner Syndrome as a model system for aging
The aging process is one of the most challenging biological pathways to understand. Applications of model systems for aging have contributed...
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Aging and the programmed death phenomena
Biochemical mechanisms of the programmed death phenomena are considered at levels of unicellular organisms, mitochondria, cells, groups of cells, and...
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Conditional senescence in prokaryotes
Bacteria are immortal in the sense that their capacity for reproduction appears limitless as long as the environment supports growth. However, this...
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Do green plants age, and if so, how?
Time-dependent ageing-like processes in green plants are discussed and compared to gerontological changes in animals and other organisms. The...
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Energy metabolism, anti-oxidant defense and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Food restriction and impaired gene function by mutation or RNAi treatment can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans considerably. In contrast...
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Role of subcytotoxic stress in tissue ageing
Most commonly stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) is defined as the long-term effects of subcytotoxic stress on proliferative cell types,...
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Mammalian and bird aging, oxygen radicals, and restricted feeding
In this chapter, the relationship of aging with oxidative stress is reviewed. Endogenous tissue antioxidants do not determine aging because they...
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Mitochondria, metabolism, and aging in yeast
Quantitative and qualitative changes in metabolism take place when the lifespan is extended in yeast either by genetic or nutritional manipulation....
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Yeast as a model for ageing and apoptosis research
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death with a crucial role in health and disease in metazoans. Recent findings demonstrate the existence of an...
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Ancestors in the Extreme: A Genomics View of Microbial Diversity in Hypersaline Aquatic Environments
The origin of eukaryotic cells, and especially naturally occurring syncytial cells, remains debatable. While a majority of our biomedical research...
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Cell-Mediated Branch Fusion in the Drosophila Trachea
The Drosophila trachea is an interconnected network of epithelial tubes, which delivers gases throughout the entire organism. It is the premier model...
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Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer
Cell–cell fusion is a normal physiological mechanism that requires a well-orchestrated regulation of intracellular and extracellular factors....
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Osteoclasts at Bone Remodeling: Order from Order
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The macrophage colony-stimulating factor/receptor...
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Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I...
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Mathematical Modeling of Virus-Mediated Syncytia Formation: Past Successes and Future Directions
Many viruses have the ability to cause cells to fuse into large multi-nucleated cells, known as syncytia. While the existence of syncytia has long...
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Female Germline Cysts in Animals: Evolution and Function
Germline cysts are syncytia formed by incomplete cytokinesis of mitotic germline precursors (cystoblasts) in which the cystocytes are interconnected...
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Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer
The natural phenomenon of cell–cell fusion does not only take place in physiological processes, such as placentation, myogenesis, or...
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The Epiblast and Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines
All somatic cells develop from the epiblast, which occupies the upper layer of two-layered embryos and in most mammals is formed after the...
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How the Brain Develops from the Epiblast: The Node Is Not an Organizer
Studies usingNode Organizerearly-stage avian embryos have substantially impacted developmental biology, through the availability of simple culture...