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Chapter
The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-Term Environmental and Social Value Strategies
Latin America’s ‘Lithium Triangle’ accounts for over 60% of lithium reserves, creating commercial opportunities tied to lithium’s role in electric vehicles and alternative energy storage, which the World Bank ...
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Chapter
Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of Sino-American Relations
Economic interdependence is traditionally viewed as essential to peace and cooperation in international relations. However, in an era of rising geopolitical competition, broad economic ties have become a new s...
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Chapter
Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles
What kind of public policies should the United States and other market economies have toward critical materials? A false dichotomy often exists in discussions about national strategies, organized around two ca...
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Chapter
The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Lithium-Ion Supply Chain
Global decarbonization is a megatrend destined to impact multiple sectors of the economy. The commodity sector in particular looks set to benefit, given the acute need for raw materials to feed the energy tran...
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Chapter
Social and Environmental Impacts of Rare Earth Mining, Processing, and Proliferation: Sco** and Preliminary Assessment
This chapter uses qualitative, historical, environmental, and epidemiological research from a range of sectors to outline the basis of comparison between ex ante and ex post pollution controls in the rare earth s...
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Chapter
Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net Zero Futures and the Tech Imperium
The geopolitics of contention centering around growing US-China hyper-competition has polarized the transition to a decarbonized global economy and has made digitalization a battleground over control of the te...
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Chapter
Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals
Critical minerals, including rare earths, face a rapidly increasing demand, but the global supply chain lacks key indicators of resilience including geographic diversity and the ability to withstand disruption...
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Chapter
Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches
Over the past several decades, global rare earth markets have ridden a dizzying roller coaster that has, at times, shaken the faith of industrial consumers in the reliability of supply chains for these critica...
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Chapter
Raw Material Demands for the Green Transition: Risks, Opportunities, and Required Actions to Meet the 2030 Climate Targets
Renewables, electric mobility and the building of a circular bio and hydrogen economy are at the heart of Europe’s green transition. The EU however, like other nations, has underestimated the material intensit...
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Chapter
The Social Conundrum of Eco-Centric Activism Against Oceanic Minerals
Extractive industries have caused immense social and environmental impact and yet remain the foundation of modern society. Minerals are the ultimate raw materials for human needs from fertilizers for food prod...