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Lecture 4: Thermoregulation and Homeostasis
Skin temp may be 32 °C when room temp is 24 °C. Body core is maintained at ~37 °C (36.5–37.5), 0.4 °C less if measured orally. Why do you think that...
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Lectures 25 and 26: Reproductive System
The purpose of sexual reproduction is to produce offspring that are genetically different from their parents. This production of genetic diversity...
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Catalytic Reactions of Activation Enzymes
Phase I activation enzymes catalyze oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions, resulting in the introduction of functional groups to lipophilic...
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Metabolite-Associated Disease Conditions
As a result of an imbalance between activation and detoxification metabolisms, reactive chemical intermediates and oxidative stress occur, leading to...
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Phase I Activation Enzymes
A vast majority of chemical reactions in living cells exhibit kinetic barriers that prevent the reactions from occurring spontaneously. Kinetic...
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Foreign Compounds: Foods, Drugs, Chemicals, and Lifestyles
Foods are substances that contain essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates...
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Diversified Classes of Enzyme Modulators
The structure of an enzyme is required to stabilize the conformation of the active site for achieving enzymatic function. The active site of an...
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Catalytic Reactions of Detoxification Enzymes
In metabolic biotransformation process, foreign compounds are converted into more polar products to facilitate their elimination from the body. As...
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Defense Against Oxidative Stress: Nrf2-ARE Pathway
Reactive chemical intermediates, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and free radicals, are formed during foreign compound metabolic...
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Sensor Data from Wearable Technologies to Inform Decision-Making to Individualize Training Procedures of Athletes
To attain competitive advantage, athletes need to make decisions to optimize their training procedures. Due to inter- and intra-individual...
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How Sensor Data Can Guide Females Through Training and Recovery According to Their Menstrual Cycle
Besides anatomical and physiological differences between women and men, the hormonal fluctuations in the course of the female menstrual cycle...
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Inducibility of Metabolizing Enzymes
An important toxicologically relevant feature associated with foreign compound metabolism is the inducibility of metabolizing enzymes. Some...
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Metabolic Enzymes: Polymorphisms and Species Differences
Before elimination from the body, foreign compounds to which humans are exposed undergo metabolic conversion mediated by phase I and phase II...
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Overview
Foods are substances that contain essential nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates...
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Metabolic Enzyme Induction for Health Benefits
In enzymatic reactions, xenobiotics are initially activated by activation enzymes. The generated reactive metabolites then undergo detoxification...
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Diet Effects on Metabolic Enzymes
In the metabolism of foreign compounds, activation enzymes catalyze the functionalization of chemicals to generate reactive intermediates or...
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Lectures 5 and 6: Musculo-Skeletal System
There are 206 bones in the (adult) body, which comprise about 14% of our body mass, and 700 muscles that should comprise about 40% of our body mass.
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Lecture 3: The Integument
The skin, hair, nails, glands and several specialised receptors make up the integumentary system.
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Lecture 21: Pressure and Fluid Dynamics
Pressure is the force (in N) being exerted, divided by the area (in m2) on which the force acts. Note that pressure is NOT a force (nor is it a...
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Lecture 2: Review of Chemistry
Most matter is usually “impure”, being a mixture of variable amounts of several different substances.