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    Chapter

    Auditory Environment and Change Detection as Indexed by the Mismatch Negativity (MMN)

    Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an automatic event-related brain potential (ERP) that reflects a change in auditory stimulation and provides a unique measure of central sound representation. The electrically regi...

    Anu Kujala, Risto Näätänen in Detection of Change (2003)

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    Chapter

    Neuromagnetic Responses of the Human Auditory Cortex to Different Types of Infrequent Deviant Stimuli

    An infrequent “deviant” auditory stimulus presented among repetitive “standard” stimuli elicits a specific EEG signal termed the mismatch negativity (MMN; Näätänen et al., 1978) which is not seen in responses ...

    Mikko Sams, Elina Kaukoranta, Matti Hämäläinen, Risto Näätänen in Advances in Biomagnetism (1989)

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    Chapter

    The Orienting Response; A Combination of Informational and Energetical Aspects of Brain Function

    The orienting response (OR) or orienting reflex continues to be one of the most central concepts of psychophysiology. In a way, this concept has become even too popular. It has grown too broad to serve as a ve...

    Risto Näätänen in Energetics and Human Information Processing (1986)