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Cytokine-Containing Liposomes as Adjuvants for Subunit Vaccines
Liposomes provide a carrier function to bring antigen to cells of the immune system and to provide a mechanism for slow release of antigen. Since liposomes are slowly absorbed, they also provide a “depot effec...
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Bioactive Triterpenoid and Steroid Saponins from Medicinal Plants in Southwest China
Triterpenoid and steroid saponins are widely distributed in nature and comprise a great variety of different structure types due to the individual aglycones. A lot of medicinal plants have been found to contai...
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Liposome-Mediated Delivery of Genes and Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Brain Tumors
Brain tumors present a great therapeutic challenge due to their very poor prognosis (Mahaley et al, 1989). On the other hand, brain tumors have some features that make them particularly attractive for in vivo ...
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Studies on Chemical Components and their Pharmacological Activities of Panax Ginseng Root
This paper explains the details of how ginsenosides are isolated and extracted from the roots of Panax ginseng. Fresh ginseng homogenate and red ginseng powder were soaked with MeOH, which resulted in a concentra...
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Approaches for Evaluation of Immune-Modulating and Anti-Tumor Bioactivities in Chinese Medicinal Herbal Extracts
A recent surge of world attention on research in herbal medicinal plants as a potential fast renewable source for new pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals has attracted many scientists from diverse disciplines to...
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Physical Stabilization of Proteins in Aqueous Solution
The formulation scientist’s key goal is to achieve long-term stability of a drug compound. In the case of protein drugs, stabilization means not only maintaining the native chemical structure, but the native s...
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Recombinant Production of Native Proteins from Escherichia coli
The production of large quantities of proteins became possible with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, and the subsequent expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) (Itakura, 1977). R...
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Dual Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP IV) in Angiogenesis and Vascular Remodeling
Our studies, both in vivo and in vitro, strongly indicate a critical role of DPP IV in modifying NPY’s actions in the cardiovascular system. The protein can act as an NPY converting enzyme, cleaving the full leng...
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Genetic Analysis of NF-κB-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Cells
Reverse genetics is used to study the function of a known gene product by knockout or replacement. In contrast, forward genetics is used to identify an unknown gene, based on its function. In using forward gen...
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Automated Property Profiling for Cellular Drug Delivery
Drug discovery research has been primarily focused on structure-activity relationships (SAR). Compounds from libraries are screened for activity and the “hits” are used as the starting point for the synthesis ...
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Midkine Is a Potential Therapeutic Target of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Midkine (MK), a heparin-binding growth factor, has been demonstrated frequently and highly expressed in a variety of human carcinomas, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is mounting evidence indic...
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Methodological Considerations for N-of-1 Trials
N-of-1 trials are extremely useful in subject-focused investigations, for example, medical experiments. As far as we are aware, no guidelines are available in the literature on how to plan such a trial optimal...
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Baicalin
Baicalin, a flavone glycoside, is the glucuronide of ...
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Theophylline
Theophylline was firstly extracted from tea leaves and naturally found in tea and cocoa beans. Theophylline is a drug used for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asth...
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Quercetin
Quercetin, a plant polyphenol from the flavonoid group, is widely found in flowers, leaves, and fruits of various ...
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Borneol
Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene derivative. It’s derived from fresh branches and leaves of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. The borneol is one of the earliest natural medicines of single organ...
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Arbutin
Arbutin is extracted from the bearberry plant or other plants. Arbutin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase in skin cells and block the formation of melanin. Arbutin is therefore used as a skin...
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Osthole
Osthole is derived from Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plants. It is a Chinese medicine which is used widely by traditional medicine doctors. Cnidium has been recorded in almost all of the pharmaceutical monograph....
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Picrotoxin
Picrotoxin is extracted from the seeds of Radix Cocculi Trilobi. The pharmacological effects of picrotoxin are focused on the central nervous system and GABA receptor. Picrotoxin also showed direct effects on ...
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Puerarin
Puerarin is an isoflavone component extracted from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi and has widely protecting functions on the cardiovascular system, nervous system, glucose and lipid metabolism, osteoporosis, liver...