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Chapter
Opportunities and Challenges in Activity-Based Protein Profiling of Mycobacteria
Mycobacteria, from saprophytic to pathogenic species, encounter diverse environments that demand metabolic versatility and rapid adaptation from these bacteria for their survival. The human pathogen Mycobacterium...
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Chapter
Mutational Profile of HPV-Positive HNSCC
This chapter summarizes the mutational profile of head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) associated with infection of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Focusing on next-generation sequencing studies, the dif...
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Chapter
Humanized Mouse Versus Non-human Primate Models of HIV-1 Infection
Animal models are critical for biomedical research including human immunodeficiency virus type one (HIV-1). Asian non-human primate (NHP) macaques and humanized mice (hu-mice) are the two best available models...
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Chapter
NK Cell Development in Human Immune System (HIS) Mice and Their Role in HIV Pathogenesis
Studies on mouse natural killer (NK) cells reveal their major role in host innate immunity against viral pathogens and tumor cells. In recent years, there has been a growing interest to develop therapeutics an...
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Chapter
Thymic Education of Human T Cells and Regulatory T Cell Development in Humanized Mice
The thymus is an organ that generates and educates T cells, supplying T subsets that ensure adaptive immunity and self-tolerance. Intrathymic positive selection of T cells with further post-thymic maturation a...
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Chapter
Cellular and Viral Mechanisms of HIV-1 Transmission Mediated by Dendritic Cells
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the initial infection and cell-to-cell transmission events that occur upon HIV-1 infection. DCs interact closely with CD4+ T cells, the main target of HIV-1 replication. H...
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Chapter
Chromatin Remodeling and Androgen Receptor-Mediated Transcription
It has become apparent that the expression of human genes in chromatin is regulated by post-translational structural changes in histones, which form the major protein component of nucleosomes in chromatin. The...
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Chapter
Images of Cleavage: Tumor Proteases in Action
The roles of proteases in cancer are now known to be much broader than simply degradation of extracellular matrices during tumor invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, proteases from tumor-associated cells (e.g...