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Changing Concepts in the Microecology, Macroecology and Epidemiology of Hydatid Disease
The ecology of hydatid disease can be considered to involve the interaction between two biological systems: those involving the intimate relationship of Echinococcus granulosus or E. ...
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Chapter
The Ecology of Rana species in relation to their Parasite Fauna
This species, known as the ‘brown frog’ or ‘common frog’ in England, ‘grenouille rouse’ in France and ‘Gräsfröch’ in Germany, is the only species of Rana which is indigenous to the British Isles. It is a northern...
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Chapter
Experimental Methods: Trematodes
Snails collected from the places frequented by frogs are likely to be parasitised by larval stages of amphibian trematodes. The quickest way to determine if the snails are infected is to dissect a sample of th...
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Chapter
Protozoa
Most protozoa are best examined when they are alive, suspended in saline on a slide; the addition of a drop of Neutral Red (0.01 %) or Janus B. Green (0.01 %) sometimes helps to show up the internal structure....
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Cestoda
Cestodes are found comparatively rarely in amphibia, but both adult and larval (plerocercoid and tetrathyridium) stages occur. In R. temporaria, R. esculenta and R. pipiens, those species most commonly encountere...
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Acanthocephala
The Acanthocephala are readily distinguishable from all other groups of parasitic worms by the possession of an invaginable proboscis, armed with hooks, from which the common name ‘spiney headed’ worm is deriv...
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Experimental Methods: Protozoa
The best general fixative for protozoa is Schaudinn’s fluid: The solution keeps indefinitely; some workers prefer to add the acetic acid just p...
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Examination for Parasites: Basic Procedures
Frogs act as hosts to all the major groups of animal parasites—Protozoa, Trematoda, Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Nematoda—and provide a rich parasite fauna for laboratory study and experimentation. The life cyc...
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Nematoda
For details of a modern classification of the group, consult the ‘CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates’3. In R. temporaria, R. esculenta and R. pipiens, however, relatively few species of nematodes c...
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Trematoda
Fresh specimens of trematodes and nematodes will probably have been obtained from the lungs, intestine, etc. and stored in saline. If these have not yet been separated from the tissues and placed in clean sali...