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Chapter
Sexism
The chapter discusses the social construction theory of gender by defining differences between sex and gender, sex roles and gender roles, and gender prejudice, discrimination, sexism, and microaggression. It ...
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Chapter
Heterosexism
Heterosexism is the system granting implicit or explicit advantages (e.g., power, control, and rights) to heterosexuals over non-heterosexuals. This means laws, policies, and rules are written to benefit heter...
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Chapter
Disablism/Ableism
Ableism is systemic oppression based on disabilities. It is a system granting advantages for individuals without disabilities over individuals with disabilities. The chapter differentiates ableism and disablis...
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Chapter
Theory to Practice: Deconstructing Inappropriate Hierarchical, Dichotomous, and Linear Thinking
The main objective of this chapter is introducing how to deconstruct our binary thinking which is the major barrier for our understanding of multicultural competencies and/or DEI to be expressed in our behavio...
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Chapter
Culturally Appropriate Assessment
This chapter provides comprehensive assessment techniques in relation to multiple identities and their intersectionality by going back to some of previous experiential learning activities. This time readers ap...
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Chapter
Intrapersonal Communication and Interpersonal Communication
The chapter discusses the mechanisms involved in intrapersonal and interpersonal communication and learning values, beliefs, and biases and their implicit and explicit interactions with an individual’s thinkin...
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Chapter
Racism
This chapter discusses that race is not a biological term by citing the human genome analysis, mixed ancestry (97.3%), and multiple ancestries (96.8%) with 5966 individuals from 282 global samples. This chapte...
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Chapter
Cissexism (Genderism or Binarism)
The chapter introduces a brief history of trans people and a multiplicity of transgender identities which challenge social categorization theory. Its contribution in expanding our thinking to represent the hum...
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Chapter
Classism
Classism is structured in hierarchy based on wealth, income, educational attainment, and occupation. Laws, policies, and rules are written to benefit the middle class, the upper middle class, and the upper cla...
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Chapter
Other Isms Due to Age, Language, Religion, and Region
Identities related to age, language (ESL), religion, and region are explored. Barriers to dismantling isms related to age, language, religion and region are discussed. The barriers (social dominance theory, sy...
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Chapter
Identity Construction and Multiple Identities
The chapter begins by exploring Erikson’s concepts of personal and social identity development and how social identity has expanded to include cultural identity because of sociocultural and political contextua...
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Chapter
Culturally Appropriate Treatment/Healing
The previous chapters were step**-stones for this chapter. This chapter is how to walk the talk of multicultural counseling competencies and see the client from his worldview. The chapter discusses a provide...
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Chapter
Introduction
There has been no real change in racism, sexism, classism, and other “isms” despite changes in some laws and policies and the mandatory antibias or diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) trainings since the Ci...
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Chapter
Assessment of a Provider’s Values, Beliefs, and Biases
Effective counseling or psychotherapy is based on a provider’s ability to know the client’s worldview and his lived experience. A precursor to knowing the client’s worldview is the provider’s ability to know h...