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Chapter
Soft Transverse Phonons in an Amorphous Metal
In the search for high-transition-temperature superconductors it has been recognized that low atomic vibrational frequencies can lead to an enhancement of T c .1 Exper...
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Chapter
Relaxation Times of Tunneling Systems in Glasses
The purpose of this chapter is 1) to review experiments which provide information on two-level system relaxation times in glasses, 2) to relate these relaxation times to the specific physical processes respons...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
Rotary Phonon Echoes in Silica Glass
Acoustic resonance experiments have played a central role in develo** a quantitative picture of the low-temperature properties of glasses [1,2]. The strong coupling between phonons and two-level tunneling sy...
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Chapter
Transport, Relaxation and Absorption in Amorphous Semiconductors
The response of non-crystalline semiconductors to alternating fields from d.c. to microwave frequencies is reviewed. Theoretical treatments appropriate to various physical models are outlined and the degree to...
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Chapter
Coherent Phenomena in Glasses
Concepts underlying and experiments revealing coherent phenomena in glasses and other disordered solids are reviewed. The description of low energy excitations in glasses in terms of “two level systems” (TLS) ...
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Chapter
Basic Amorphography
An account is presented of the quantification of amorphous network structures. Experimental techniques for the investigation of such structures are discussed and it is demonstrated that modern instrumentation ...
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Chapter
Optical Properties of the Chalcogenide Glasses
Glasses containing group VI elements, other than oxygen, are essentially covalent and exhibit thermally-activated electrical conductivities which are analogous to those observed in intrinsic crystalline semico...
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Chapter
Thermal and Acoustic Experiments in Low Temperature Glasses
The low-temperature thermal, acoustic and dielectric properties of glasses differ largely from those of corresponding crystals. Specific heat is enhanced and varies linearly with temperature, whereas thermal c...
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Chapter
The UK Meteorological Office Operational Wave Model (BMO)
The operational wave prediction model used by the UK Meteorological Office has a grid point representation of the wave field. This is usually defined on a polar stereographic projection of the earth’s surface,...
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Chapter and Conference Paper
The Thermal Conductivity Plateau in Disordered Systems
The thermal conductivity of disordered substances exhibits a region of weak temperature dependence known as the “plateau” [1]. It occurs in glasses in a temperature range typically between 1 and 20 K. At much ...
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Chapter
Immunogenicity of Lipopolysaccharide Derived from Brucella abortus: Potential as a Carrier in Development of Vaccines for AIDS
In view of its unique ability to stimulate human B cells, we have considered using Brucella abortus (BA) as a carrier for human vaccines. Recently we showed that HIV-1 coupled to BA, but not unconjugated HIV-1...
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Chapter
Design of Vaccines for the Induction of Antibody Responses in Th-Cell Deficient Individuals
Development of a vaccine to protect against infection with HIV-1 or to enhance antiviral immunity after HIV-1 has established itself in the host, is a major challenge to researchers. The virus has evolved many...
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Chapter
Strategies for the Stimulation of Th Cell Subsets
Our understanding of the role of T cell subsets and cytokines in protective immunity is based on evidence that CD4+ T cells can be separated into subsets on the basis of the profile of cytokines they produce. ...
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Chapter
Induction of IL-12 Secretion and Enhanced Surface Expression of B7.1/B7.2 and ICAM-1 in Human Monocytes Activated by the Vaccine Carrier Brucella Abortus: Correlation with in Vivo Generation of Cellular Immune Responses
It is well established that two cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-4, play an important role in the differentiation of Th0/Tc0 cells into effector types Th1/Tc1 or Th2/Tc2 cells during the initial phase of the immune res...
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Chapter
Sequencing the 1700 kb pExo Megaplasmid of Sinorhizobium meliloti. In vivo Cloning of 60-240 Kb Fragments
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Chapter
Nonadiabaticity in Modulated Optical Traps
Experiments on noise-induced escape of a mesoscopic particle in a double-well potential are described. The potential is created by the interaction of two focused laser beams with a single sub-micrometer dielec...
