502 Result(s)
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Chapter
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Biomedicine, general
Cancer Research
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Cancer Immunotherapy Targets Based on Understanding the T Cell-Inflamed Versus Non-T Cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment
Most cancers express tumor antigens that can be recognized by T cells of the host. The fact that cancers become clinically evident nonetheless implies that immune escape must occur. Two major subsets of human ...
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Lipid Inflammatory Mediators in Cancer Progression and Therapy
Rodent and clinical studies have documented that myeloid cell infiltration of tumors is associated with neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia and poor patient outcomes. This contrasts with lymphocyte infiltration of t...
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy
The field of tumor immunology and immunotherapy has undergone a renaissance in the past decade do in large part to a better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment. After suffering countless success...
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The Impact of Housing Temperature-Induced Chronic Stress on Preclinical Mouse Tumor Models and Therapeutic Responses: An Important Role for the Nervous System
In the last 10–15 years, there has been a recognition that the catecholamines (norepinephrine, NE, and epinephrine, Epi) released by the sympathetic nervous system under stressful conditions promote tumor grow...
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Exosomes in Cancer: Another Mechanism of Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
Exosomes are the smallest extracellular vesicles (EV) produced under physiological and pathological conditions by all cells and present in all body fluids. They are critical components of the intercellular com...
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Adaptive Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy
Immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment have emerged as a major impediment to cancer immunotherapy. While a broad range of secreted factors, receptors/ligands, and cell populations have ...
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Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancer
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent only a minor fraction of circulating blood cells but play an important role in tumor formation and progression. They are a heterogeneous group of cells that in...
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Tumor Immuno-Environment in Cancer Progression and Therapy
The approvals of Provenge (Sipuleucel-T), Ipilimumab (Yervoy/anti-CTLA-4) and blockers of the PD-1 - PD-L1/PD-L2 pathway, such as nivolumab (Opdivo), pembrolizumab (Keytruda), or atezolizumab (Tecentriq), have...
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Regulation of CTL Infiltration Within the Tumor Microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment consists of a complex milieu of cells and factors that maintain equilibrium between tumor progression and destruction. Characterization of the immune contexture in primary tumors has...
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Oncolytic Virotherapy and the Tumor Microenvironment
Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising approach to treat many malignancies, including breast, colorectal, hepatocellular, and melanoma. The best results are seen when using “targeted and armed” viruses. These ...
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Immunogenic and Non-immunogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment
The host immune system is continuously exposed to dying cells and has evolved to distinguish between cell death events signaling potential threats and physiological apoptosis that should be tolerated. Tumors c...
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Immunotherapeutic Targeting of Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels
Pathological angiogenesis occurs during tumor progression and leads in the formation of an abnormal vasculature in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The tumor vasculature is disorganized, tortuous and leaky, r...
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Chemo-Immunotherapy: Role of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Defining Immunogenic Versus Tolerogenic Cell Death in the Tumor Microenvironment
In certain settings, chemotherapy can trigger an immunogenic form of tumor cell death. More often, however, tumor cell death after chemotherapy is not immunogenic, and may be actively tolerizing. However, even...
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Imaging the Tumor Microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor, stromal, and immune cells, as well as extracellular milieu. Changes in numbers of these cell types and their environments have an impact on cancer growth and metas...
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Tryptophan Catabolism and Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting IDO Mediated Immune Suppression
Over the last decade, tryptophan catabolism has been firmly established as a powerful mechanism of innate and adaptive immune tolerance. The catabolism of tryptophan is a central pathway maintaining homeostasi...
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SUMO and Cytoplasmic RNA Viruses: From Enemies to Best Friends
SUMO is a ubiquitin-like protein that covalently binds to lysine residues of target proteins and regulates many biological processes such as protein subcellular localization or stability, transcription, DNA re...
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The Ubiquitin System in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, most prevalent in the elderly population and has a significant impact on individuals and their family as well as the health care system and the eco...
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Applications of Computational Biology in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) are the most common cancers of the digestive tract system in humans. Earlier several techniques have been utilized to understand the molecular mechanism and identification of th...
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Immunotherapeutics of Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies in humans are the most widespread cancers worldwide. Surgical resection and radio or chemotherapy offer the primary line of the treatment strategy for patients suffering from...
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By the Tips of Your Cilia: Ciliogenesis in the Retina and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory organelles that are involved in the organization of numerous key signals during development and in differentiated tissue homeostasis. In fact, the formation and reso...
