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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Endometrial Carcinogenesis
The conventional dualistic model of endometrial cancer (types I and II) has been the mainstay in clinical practice for decades. However, recent...
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Ovarian Mucinous Tumors
This chapter summarizes the pathohistology of ovarian mucinous tumors and discusses the latest progresses on two tumor types, including pure mucinous...
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Ovarian Endometrioid and Clear-Cell Tumors
Clear cell and endometrioid tumors are subtypes of Müllerian epithelial tumors that can arise throughout the gynecological tract, mainly including...
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Ovarian Brenner Tumors and Other Rare Ovarian Tumors
In this chapter, we cover a wide variety of ovarian lesions with a focus on benign, borderline, and malignant Brenner tumors. In addition, we touch...
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Overview of Placenta Pathology
The placenta is a very common, but often underappreciated, surgical pathology specimen. Gross examination of the placenta should be organized and...
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Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Tumors
Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disorder that affects ~10% of reproductive-aged women. The condition, characterized by...
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BK 31 – Durch Infektionserreger oder Parasiten verursachte Erkrankungen sowie Tropenkrankheiten
Die Anzahl möglicher Krankheitserreger ist „unbegrenzt“. Nur ein Teil der Mikroorganismen und subzellulären Erreger ist humanpathogen, wobei die...
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Krankheiten der weiblichen Geschlechtsorgane – Begutachtung
Nach der Primärbehandlung von malignen gynäkologischen Erkrankungen wie Brustkrebs, Ovarialkarzinom stellt sich zunächst die Frage der der...
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Klinisches Bild und diagnostisches Vorgehen beim diabetischen Fußsyndrom
Entsprechend der zugrunde liegenden Ursache der diabetischen Fußläsionen imponiert das diabetische Fußsyndrom (DFS) als überwiegend neuropathisches...