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Interactions Between Earthworms, Microorganisms, and Other Invertebrates
Earthworms maintain many complex interrelationships with microorganisms. They depend upon microorganisms as a major source of nutrients and promote...
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The Role of Earthworms in Organic Matter and Nutrient Cycles
Earthworms play a major and important role in incorporating organic matter and making nutrients available for plants. Often, the breakdown and...
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Earthworm Diversity, Dispersal and Geographical Distribution
Like many other organisms, cladistic earthworm classification evolved, although not very swiftly, using traditional morphological references until...
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Carbohydrate Preference and Metabolism—‘Life’s Little Luxury Digested’
This chapter focuses on the ability of aquatic invertebrates and fishes to handle increased dietary glucose or starch. Sea urchins appear to have a...
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Protein Sparing by Lipids—‘Learning from Wild Conspecifics’
Mainly based on economical and ethical considerations, proteins are intended to be replaced by cheaper and ethically less critical macronutrients....
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Amino Acid Function and Requirement—‘More than Easy Fuel’
Conventionally, amino acids (AAs) are classified as essential AAs (EAAs) and nonessential AAs (NEAAs), although evidence is accumulating that NEAAs...
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Nonprotein Amino Acids—‘Fuel at All?’
Several of the numerous nonprotein amino acids (NPAAs) act as repellents, antinutrients, or antimetabolites for herbivores or omnivores. There are...
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Vitamin E—‘Keep Stress Away!’
Vitamin E (VE) exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols, and four tocotrienols. Tocopherols have saturated and tocotrienols unsaturated...
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Protein Sparing by Carbohydrates—‘Life’s Useful Luxury’
This chapter comprises information about protein sparing by dietary carbohydrates. It confirms the well-understood limits of substitution: carnivores...
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Simple Amino Acids: Gly, Ala, Asp, Gln—‘Pure Easy Fuel?’
Evidence is growing that even “simple” amino acids have important controlling functions. Gly is critical in the osmoregulation of fishes and...
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Peptides or Amino Acids?—‘The Smaller, the Better?’
This chapter addresses the question of whether amino acids or oligopeptides are preferably taken up in animal cells. Evidence is growing that...
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Starch—‘Gluey Promise’
This chapter comprises nutritional and regulatory functions of dietary starches of various sources. The limits of dietary starch contents in...
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Protein Requirement—‘Only Meat Makes You Strong’
Proteins represent the dominant biomass of aquatic animals; consequently, proteins are significant nutrients and energy sources with digestive...
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A Bunch of Amino Acids: Phe, Tyr, Branched-Chain AAs, Ser and Thr—‘Much More than Easy Fuel’
This chapter shows the nutritional requirement of selected farmed fishes and a few invertebrates for a variety of amino acids (AAs). The requirement...
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Temperature and Salinity Preferences of Adult American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus) in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire U.S.A
Each spring and early summer horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) approach beaches at high tide and spawn. While we have some understanding of the...
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The Effects of Roundup® (a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide) on the Survival and Development of American Horseshoe Crab, Limulus polyphemus
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup®, one of the most commonly used pesticides in the United States. We conducted a series of bioassays to...
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Correction to: Feeding Ecology and Dietary Preferences of Tachypleus gigas from East Malay Peninsula
On page 609 In chapter 35, the author’s name has been misspelt as “Br. Nelson”. It has been updated as “Bryan Raveen Nelson”.
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Economics of the Limulus/Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL/TAL) Industry Relative to the Sustainability of Horseshoe Crabs Worldwide
The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) manufacturing industry, including its regulation by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA), has...
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City-Wide Efforts in the Conservation of Horseshoe Crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) in Imari City, Saga, Japan
This paper summarizes the regulations regarding the conservation of horseshoe crabs in Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, and the history of conservation...
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Occurrence and Morphometric Analysis of Horseshoe Crabs Along Bhadrak Coast of Odisha, India
As a marine arthropod, horseshoe crab has persisted for more than 200 million years and is still enjoying its life on earth without much...