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Article
Open AccessMicroscopy techniques for determining water–cement (w/c) ratio in hardened concrete: a round-robin assessment
Water to cement (w/c) ratio is usually the most important parameter specified in concrete design and is sometimes the subject of dispute when a shortfall in concrete strength or durability is an issue. However...
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Article
Open AccessCombined effects of vertical spacers and segregation on mass transport properties of reinforced concrete
All concrete structures contain reinforcement spacers, and deep sections can be affected by bleeding and segregation without displaying visible indications during casting. However, their effects on mass transp...
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Article
Open AccessImproving bond strength and mass transport properties of spacer-concrete interface with textured spacers
Spacers are important devices used in all concrete structures to support reinforcing steel and achieve the required cover. However, spacers induce a weak, porous and microcracked interface that facilitates ing...
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Article
Open AccessOptimising confocal Raman microscopy for spectral map** of cement-based materials
Raman spectroscopy combined with confocal imaging, i.e. confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) is a relatively new technique with huge potential for high-resolution chemical map** of phase composition and spatial d...