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  1. Article

    Open Access

    Health effects associated with consumption of unprocessed red meat: a Burden of Proof study

    Characterizing the potential health effects of exposure to risk factors such as red meat consumption is essential to inform health policy and practice. Previous meta-analyses evaluating the effects of red meat...

    Haley Lescinsky, Ashkan Afshin, Charlie Ashbaugh, Catherine Bisignano in Nature Medicine (2022)

  2. Article

    Open Access

    Health effects associated with vegetable consumption: a Burden of Proof study

    Previous research suggests a protective effect of vegetable consumption against chronic disease, but the quality of evidence underlying those findings remains uncertain. We applied a Bayesian meta-regression t...

    Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Ashkan Afshin, Charlie Ashbaugh in Nature Medicine (2022)

  3. Article

    Open Access

    The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk

    Exposure to risks throughout life results in a wide variety of outcomes. Objectively judging the relative impact of these risks on personal and population health is fundamental to individual survival and socie...

    Peng Zheng, Ashkan Afshin, Stan Biryukov, Catherine Bisignano in Nature Medicine (2022)

  4. Article

    Open Access

    Health effects associated with smoking: a Burden of Proof study

    As a leading behavioral risk factor for numerous health outcomes, smoking is a major ongoing public health challenge. Although evidence on the health effects of smoking has been widely reported, few attempts h...

    **aochen Dai, Gabriela F. Gil, Marissa B. Reitsma, Noah S. Ahmad in Nature Medicine (2022)

  5. Article

    Open Access

    Association between firearms and mortality in Brazil, 1990 to 2017: a global burden of disease Brazil study

    Brazil leads the world in number of firearm deaths and ranks sixth by country in rate of firearm deaths per 100,000 people. This study aims to analyze trends in and burden of mortality by firearms, according t...

    Deborah Carvalho Malta, Adauto Martins Soares Filho in Population Health Metrics (2020)